Parts of Computer

System
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A computer has many parts, and

they are grouped according to
their use as input devices,
processing devices, output
devices and storage devices.
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INPUT DEVICES

You can place data on the computer

using an input device. It gives
commands to the computer so you can
enter data. Examples of an input
device are the keyboard and mouse.
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The keyboard is the primary input

device used for entering letters,
numbers, symbols, or other
commands. It is composed of 101-104
keys that are arranged in four groups
according to what they can do.
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1. Function Keys – these are located

at the topmost part of the keyboard. It
starts from ESC(Escape) and then F1
to F12.
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Function keys will allow you to give

commands without entering long
instructions. For example, the Escape
key is used to cancel a command.
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2. Alphanumeric Keys – this group is the

biggest part of the keyboard. It is composed
of alphabets, numbers, and other keys that
we frequently use.
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3. Cursor Keys – these are the

arrows that are used to change
the location or movement of the
cursor on the screen. You can
use the Up, Down, Left, and
Right arrows to move the cursor
easily.
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4. Numeric Keys – it looks

like a calculator. It includes
the four mathematical
symbols:
Addition (+) Multiplication (*)
Subtraction (-) Division (/)
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The Status Lights – such as Num

Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock –
located at the upper part of the numeric
keys tell us if the key is activated.
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Here are the rows of the keyboard and

the proper positioning of fingers for you
to easily memorize the position of each
key:
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Uses of the Other keys on the Keyboard 14

1. Enter – pressing this key will move the

cursor down to the next line.
2. Backspace – pressing this key will delete
letters or numbers at the left side of the
cursor.
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3. Space bar – it is used to put space

between words or letters that we type.

4. Shift – this key is used to type a

single capital letter. It can also be used
to type all the symbols that can be found
in the Alphanumeric key.
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5. Caps Lock – this key is used to

make all the letters that you type
capitalized.
6. Delete Key – pressing this key will
delete letters or numbers at the right
side of the cursor.
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The mouse is an input device that is used

by gliding around the mouse pad. You
may consider it as an extension of your
hand. Every time you move your mouse,
you can see the arrow on the screen
moving. We call that a mouse pointer.
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Parts of the MOUSE

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Different Uses or
Functions of the Mouse
1. Point – it is done by placing the tip of the
mouse pointer over an object or an icon.

2. Click – it is done by pointing to an object,

and then pressing the left mouse button
once.
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3. Double-click – it is done by pointing to an

object, and then pressing the left mouse
button twice and fast.

4. Right-click – it is done by pressing the

right mouse button.
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5. Drag – it is done by pointing the mouse, and

then pressing the left mouse button without
releasing it until you reach the place you want to
choose.

6. Wheeling – it is used to move the scroll wheel

upward and downward to show the hidden parts of
your window.
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Other Input Devices That Will Help You Give

Commands on Your Computer
1. Joystick and Game Controller – these are
usually used when playing games on a
computer.
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2. Stylus or Pen Input – it is usually used

for a tablet PC, on a Personal Digital
Assistant (PDA), and even on some
smartphones to easily access or open a
command or program.
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3. Digitizers and Graphic Tablets – these

are similar to a mouse but used with the help
of a stylus to draw or white on a special tablet
that is connected to a computer.
4. Digital Camera – it is used to take pictures
that can be placed and downloaded to your
computer.
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5. Scanner – it is used to copy or scan

documents just like a photocopying machine.
The document, picture, or anything you scan
will go directly to your computer.

6. Barcode Reader – it is an electronic device

that is used to read barcodes of a product is see
in store. After the barcode of product is read by
the computer, it will show its price.
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7. Remote Control – it can control a

computer system from a distant location.

8. Touch Screen – this device is used to

select by just touching the screen.
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PROCESSING DEVICE

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) helps convert all

the data into useful information. It is also known as
the brain of the computer.
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It is located inside the system

unit or system tower that holds
the motherboard and other
components used to process
data.
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There are two main parts of the System Unit:

1. The External Parts – these are the parts

outside the system unit.
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a. Casing – it is the hard case that covers and

protects the parts inside the system unit
b. Power switch– it is used to turn on the
computer.
c. Reset Switch – it is used to restart your
computer without turning it off. It is usually used
when the computer hangs.
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d. Universal Serial Bus (USB) – it is the slot

where the USB devices such as a flash drive are
inserted.
e. CD/DVD-ROM Drive – it is where the CD or DVD
is inserted.
f. Headset/Speaker Port – this is where the socket
of the headset or speaker is inserted.
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g. Ports – these are the hoes at the back of the

system unit. By using cables, the ports help connect
the other parts such as the monitor, mouse, printer,
joystick, and more.
h. LED (Light Emitting Diode – it is the blinking
light around the power switch that lets you know if
the computer is turned on.
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2. The Internal Parts – these are located inside

the system unit.
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a. Power Supply – it supplies electrical power that

enables internal parts to work as well as the system
unit.
b. Motherboard – it is where the cards, processor,
and memory chips are placed.
c. Fan – it keeps the parts inside the system unit
cool.
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OUTPUT DEVICES

While processing data, the computer displays the

information using output devices. These are used to
display the result of what you are doing on a
computer. The monitor, printer, and speaker are
examples of output devices.
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Monitor

It is like a television set that shows information

through the screen. The output shown on the screen
is called a soft copy.
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Three Kinds of Monitor

Cathode-ray Tube Monitor

Liquid Crystal Display Monitor
Light Emitting Diode Monitor
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Parts of the Monitor

1. Speakers – they produce sound from the
computer.
2. Display Screen – this is where you see the
things you are doing on the computer. Anything that
you see on the screen is called a soft copy.
3. Monitor Stand – it serves as the knee or leg
because it holds and supports the monitor screen.
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4. Monitor Base – it serves as the toe or the foot

because it supports the weight of the entire monitor.
5. LED – the system unit monitor has a Light
Emitting Diode (LED) which serves as a signal if the
monitor is on or off.
6. Power Switch – it lets you turn on and off your
monitor.
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7. Adjustment Buttons – you can see these

buttons to adjust the color and brightness of the
screen.
8. Casing – it protects the inside parts of the
monitor.
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The Printer as an Output Device

The printer will allow you to print data on paper. The

printer output is called a hard copy.
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• Dot Matrix Printer – it produces a loud sound

and dotted patterns when printing. It prints slowly
and uses a ribbon that only produces black color.
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• Inkjet Printer – this type of

printer uses air that sprays
ink through the needle going
to the paper. It prints faster
and more quietly than the dot
matrix. It can produce a
colorful output using different
ink colors.
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• Laser Printer – it is one of

the more expensive types of
printers. It uses a laser and
powdered ink to produce a
high-quality output. Most of
the laser printers nowadays
have a built-in scanner.
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Other Specialized Output Devices

Aside from the monitor and printer, here are other

output devices that you can use in your everyday
activities:
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1. Projector – it is typically used

for seminars and even in
classroom discussions, so that
everyone can see the output
through a blank wall or a
projection screen.
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2. Speakers – it is also
considered as an output device
because it produces sound from
the computer.
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3. Headphones and headset –

you can use them if you want to
hear sound on your own.
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4. Plotter – it looks like a giant

printer. It prints pictures and
texts as posters and tarpaulins
that can be posted on billboards.
It is more expensive than the
average printer.
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5. Braille translator – this

device is usually used by the
visually impaired. They can read
text through a braille. Any word
processed by the computer can
be turned into a braille at the
touch of a button.