Discourse Analysis

Spoken Language
 Adjacency Pairs

adjacency pair is a two-part exchange in which

the second utterance is functionally dependent
on the first, as exhibited in conventional
greetings, invitations, and requests. Each pair is
spoken by a different person.

Resource:
https://www.thoughtco.com/adjacency-pair-conversation-analysis-1688970
 Exchanges

An exchange is a sequence
of discourse moves by at least two speakers
that forms a topical (or sub topical unit). A
minimal exchange comprises an initiating
move plus a contribution by another speaker.
Exchanges
 Turn-taking

A turn is the time when a speaker

is talking and turn-taking is the skill
of knowing when to start and finish
a turn in a conversation.
Turn-taking
 Transactions and Topics

Transactional discourse is used to propel something

into action, such as advertising motivating a
customer to buy, or showing a customer how to use
a product via a manual. This type
of discourse generally does not rely so much on
literary devices.
Transactions
 Transactions and Topics

Topics of discourse analysis include: The various

levels or dimensions of discourse, such as sounds
(intonation, etc.), gestures, syntax, the lexicon,
style, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves,
strategies, turns, and other aspects of interaction.
Topics
 Interactional and transactional talk

When you talk to people, are you focused on the

transaction or your interaction?

A transactional encounter is one where you're going

through the motions to get the task or the discourse done.

Maybe you are texting, talking on the phone to someone

else, or just dazed and confused, but the bottom line is
that you're not engaged with the other person or the
process.
 Interactional and transactional talk
Interaction occurs when two people are
engaged in a dialogue or actively participating
in the process.
For example, think of the last time you went
out to eat. When you ordered, was the waiter
friendly, knowledgeable, and quick? Did he or
she show authentic interest, assistance, and
interaction in helping you with your order
and when paying the check?
Interactional and transactional talk
Stories, anecdotes, jokes
Stories, anecdotes, jokes
Stories, anecdotes, jokes
 Other spoken discourse types
Situation
infomation
instruction
an ending phase

In the situation phase, the person giving directions must establish

(1) the starting point, (2) the goal and (3) the means of transport
of the person directed, if these are not already known or obvious.

The information phase is where the main route directions are

given and the ending phase functions to confirm that the route
has been understood and closes the interaction
Speech and grammar