SAR COURSE part 2

FILSA BIORESITA
D E PA R T M E N T O F G E O M A T I C S E N G I N E E R I N G
FA C U L T Y O F C I V I L P L A N N I N G A N D G E O E N G I N E E R I N G
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
INDONESIA
ASCENDING DESCENDING
ASCENDING DESCENDING
ASCENDING DESCENDING
Consider the radar image below. What is the illumination direction of the radar?
ASCENDING DESCENDING
Consider the radar image below. What is the illumination direction of the radar?
Multilooking
Speckle Filtering
 SAR-based
landcover classification
with Sentinel-1 GRD products
STEPS
1. Apply Orbit File
2. Subset
3. Radiometric Calibration
4. Speckle Filtering
5. Terrain Correction
6. Linear to dB
7. Open RGB (VV, VH, VV)
8. Unsupervised Classification
Unsupervised classification
1. Raster > Classification > Unsupervised Classification > K-Means Cluster Analysis
2. Select the terrain corrected stack as input product.
3. In the second tab, set the number of clusters to 10, select all dB bands as source bands
4. Run
 Generation of textures
o Image textures are metric derivatives which describe local spatial patterns of a greyscale image in a
quantitative way.
o They are especially popular for SAR products, because most of them consist of only a limited number of
bands (single or dual polarization).
o As image classifications based on a one or two dimensional feature space are often not bringing the desired
accuracies, image textures are a way to increase the number of input bands
o Additionally, they are capable of describing the degree of speckle in different parts of the image and are
therefore also contributing to a better separation of surface types.
Image textures are implemented in SNAP in two ways:
1. Right-click on a raster band > Filtered band: Allows to apply edge detection filters, statistical measures,
non-linear and morphological filters and directly create the output as a virtual band.
2. Menu > Raster > Image Analysis > Texture > Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix: Allows to compute a set of
image features which describe contrast, orderliness and local statistics.
Generation of textures
Generation of textures
Illustrates the information content of the
generated textures by the use of RGB
composites

Right-click on the product > Open RGB

Image Window

Using the bands Homogeneity VV (red),

Energy VH (green) and Entropy VV (blue).
Unsupervised classification
1. Raster > Classification > Unsupervised Classification > K-Means Cluster Analysis
2. Select the RGB textures products as input product.
3. In the second tab, set the number of clusters to 10, select all dB bands as source bands
4. Run
SAR POLARIMETRY
o Different earth’s surface objects will reflect SAR waves with different values of intensities.
o However, some objects, especially with anisotropic materials often reflect SAR waves with
different polarizations and different intensities.
o Some target objects also can convert one polarization into another.
o For example, SAR sensor emits SAR wave with vertical polarization but target object reflect it to
horizontal polarization, vice versa.
o Several images can be obtained from the same series of pulse by transmitting various types of
polarizations and using receiving antennas with a specific polarization.
o Different combinations of polarization type can be used to synthesize color composite images
which will be useful for Land Use and Land Cover classification.
oThis technique is called SAR Polarimetry
o Equation below explains about scattering matrix (S) of SAR.
o The matrix is used to identify the scattering behavior of target objects after
interaction with electromagnetic waves.
o The matrix is represented by a combination of horizontal and vertical polarization of
transmitted and received signals
o Where, HH is for horizontal transmit and horizontal receive, VV is for vertical
transmit and vertical receive, HV is for horizontal transmit and vertical receive, and
VH is for vertical transmit and horizontal receive.
o VV and HH polarization combinations are referred to like-polarized (co-polarization),
because the transmitted and received state of polarizations are the same.
o HV and VH combinations are referred to cross-polarized due to the transmitted and
received state of polarizations are orthogonal to one another
o Fully polarimetric data consists of all polarization combination (HH, HV, VV and VH).
Yet, HV can be stated equal to VH, thus the effective complex scattering elements to
build fully polarimetric data are HH, VV and HV
o Sentinel-1 IW SLC mode available in this course only provides dual polarization data, VV and
VH.
oIt is not fully polarimetric data, thus, the equation becomes the equation below
File → Open product → Select file → Open.
Radar → Sentinel-1
TOPS → S-1 TOPS
Split → Processing
Parameter choose
swath and
polarization → Setting
directory and
filename → Run
Apply Orbit File
Radiometric Calibration
Radar → Sentinel-1 TOPS →
S-1 TOPS Deburst → Setting
directory and filename →
Processing Parameter
choose polarization → Run
Spatial Subsetting
Multilooking
Radar → Polarimetric →
Polarimetric Matrix
Generation → Setting
directory and filename →
Processing Parameter
choose polarimetric matrix
coherence 2 (C2) → Run
Radar → Polarimetric →
Polarimetric speckle filter →
Setting directory and filename
→ Processing Parameter,
Refined Lee Filter with Number
of Looks 1 and Window Size
7x7→ Run
Radar → Geometric →
Terrain Correction →
RangeDoppler Terrain
Correction → Setting
directory and filename →
Processing Parameter →
Run
Radar → Polarimetric →
Polarimetric Decomposition →
Setting directory and filename →
Processing Parameter, H alpha Dual
Pol Decompisition Window Size 5→
Run
Radar → Polarimetric →
Polarimetric Classification →
Polarimetric Unsupervised
Classification → Setting directory
and filename → Processing
Parameter, H alpha Wishart Dual Pol
Window Size 5 and Max Iterations
3→ Run