INTEGRATED SCENCE

TOPIC: PLANT REPRODUCTION

SUB-TOPIC: FERTILISATION
GRADE 7
TEACHER C. JAMES
OBJECTIVES

- Compare the structure of insect pollinated to wind

pollinated flowers
- Explain the process of fertilisation
- Describe what happens after fertilisation to produce seeds
and fruits
FERTILISATION

• After pollination has occurred, the pollen grains on the stigma begins to grow
a tube which grows down through the style into the ovary. The tube enters
the ovule (egg cell) and the male gamete (nucleus) from the pollen grain
fuses with the female gamete ( ovum nucleus). This process is called
fertilization.
FERTILISATION

• When the two nucleus have fused, the ovule becomes a seed containing an
embryo. When the seed is planted this embryo grows into a new plant. The
ovary becomes the fruit which contains the seed.
• Some fruits such as mango contains only one seed. Other fruits like orange or
tomatoes, contain many seeds.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOWERS FRUITS AND
SEEDS

• Flowers- they play an important role in the formation of fruits and seeds
• The Seeds- they play a vital role in producing the next generation of plants
when they germinate
• The Fruits- the fruits are edible and animals including human use them for
food
STRUCTURE OF THE SEED AND
GERMINATION

• Seeds develop from the fertilized ovules in plant ovaries. Each seed is
surrounded by a protective seed coat, the testa.
• There is a tiny hole in the testa called the micropyle. The seed absorb water
through this hole to enable it to germinate.
• The hilum shows where the seed was attached to the ovary.
THE EMBRYO

• Inside the seed is the embryo which will grow into a new plant. The Embryo
consist of three parts:
• The plumule
• The radicle
• One or two cotyledons (also called seed leaves)
These serve as the food store for the young plant
STRUCTURE OF THE SEED
 SEED STRUCTURE AND GERMINATION
• Seeds that have one cotyledon are monocotyledons. Those with two are
called dicotyledons
GERMINATION

• Germination is the process by which a seed grows

into a new plant
(or seedling)
STAGES OF GEMINATION

• The new root radicle comes out of the seed first. It grows quickly to begin
with then slows down. After a few days small side roots begin to grow out of
the main root.
STAGES OF GERMINATION

• By day 3 or 4 the new shoot (plumule) begins to grow up through the soil.
• At first the plumule of the dicotyledonous seed is bent over. This is to protect
the delicate tip of the shoot from danages as it push upwards through the soil.
• When it emerges fro the soil it straightens and the first leaf opens.
STAGES OF GERMINATION

• When it fisrt starts to grow, the young plant uses the food stored in the seed
leaves (cotyledons). When the first green leaves are formed they make food
for the plant by the process of photosynthesis.