REACTION RATES ,

FACTORS AFFECTING
REACTION RATES AND
COLLISION THEORY
CHEMICAL
KINETICS
- STUDY OF CHEMICAL
REACTION’S RATE,
ESPECIALLY AS A MEANS
OF ELUCIDATING
REACTION PATHWAYS OR
MECHANISMS
REACTION RATE

• THE SPEED OF
REACTION AND NOT
HOW MUCH A
PRODUCT IS MADE
S • disintegration of plastics
• decay of wood
S • neutralization reaction
F • setting of concrete
F • growth of plants
•
S reaction of nitric oxide and carbon
monoxide to form nitrogen and carbon
F dioxide
F • burning of fuels
• precipitation reaction
F
CHEMICAL REACTION
• A PROCESS IN • REARRANGES
WHICH ONE OR THE CONSTITUENT
MORE SUBS- ATOMS OF THE
TANCES, (THE REACTANTS TO
REACTANTS) ARE CREATE DIFFE-
CONVERTED TO RENT
ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES AS
DIFFERENT PRODUCTS
SUBSTANCES
(THE PRODUCTS)
 WAYS TO MEASURE
CHEMICAL REACTION
1. HOW QUICK A
REACTANT IS USED UP

2. HOW QUICK A
PRODUCT IS FORMED
 CATALYST

TEMPERATURE NATURE OF
FACTORS AFFECTING REACTANTS
REACTION RATE

CONCENTRATION SURFACE
OF REACTANTS AREA
 NATURE OF • SOME SUBSTANCES ARE MORE REACTIVE THAN
REACTANTS OTHERS DUE TO DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS

• INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION OF REACTANTS

INCREASES THE RATE OF REACTIONS
CONCENTRATION • THE MORE PARTICLES PRESENT, THE MORE OFTEN THEY
COLLIDE

• THE SMALLER THE SIZE OF PARTICLE, THE GREATER THE

SURFACE AREA
• INCREASING THE SURFACE AREA SPEEDS UP THE RATE OF
SURFACE AREA REACTION BY INCREASING COLLISION RATE

• THE HIGHER THE TEMPEATURE, THE FASTER THE

RATE OF REACTION
TEMPERATURE • THE HIGHER THE KINETIC ENERGY OF PARTICLES,
THE MORE THEY COLLIDE

• SUBSTANCES THAT INCREASES THE RATE

CATALYST OF REACTION
1.NATURE OF REACTANTS
A. REACTIONS WITH SIMPLE IONS
- MOST OFTEN INSTANTANEOUS
DUE TO THE FACT THAT POSITIVE
AND NEGATIVE CHARGES ATTRACT
EACH OTHER AND NO BONDS HAVE
TO BE BROKEN IN CREATING NEW
SUBSTANCES
B. REACTIONS BETWEEN
MOLECULES
- USUALLY SLOWER THAN IONS
SINCE BONDS IN MOLECULES HAVE
TO BE BROKEN AND NEW BONDS
REFORMED
C. GASES- TENDS TO REACT
FASTER THAN SOLIDS OR LIQUIDS
EX. METHANE AND WAX
D. AQUEOUS IONS
- TEND TO REACT FASTER THAN SPECIES IN
OTHER STATES OF MATTER
• SOLID Pb(NO3) REACTS WITH SOLID KI
- REACTION IS REALLY SLOW BECAUSE IONIC
BONDING IN EACH REACTANT IS STRONG AND
TH IONS IN EACH COMPOUND ARE HARD TO
SEPARATE FROM EACH OTHER
- MIXING OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF
COMPOUNDS FORMS PbI2 ; IODIDE IS RAPID
IONS OF EACH COMPOUNDS ARE
DISSOCIATED
E. REACTION INVOLVING BREAKING
OF FEWER BONDS PER REACTANT
- THE FEWER THE BONDS, THE FASTER
THE REACTION RATE
EX. KEROSENE VS METHANE
- KEROSENE BURNS MORE SLOWLY
THAN METHANE BECAUSE THERE ARE
MORE BONDS TO BE BROKEN PER
MOLECULE OF KEROSENE THAN THERE
ARE PER MOLECULE OF METHANE.
KEROSENE IS A LARGER MOLECULE
2. CONCENTRATION
• DECREASING THE
CONCENTRATIONS OF ALL THE
REACTANTS WILL ALMOST ALWAYS
DECREASE THE RATE OF THE
REACTION BUT DECREASING THE
CONCENTRATION OF REACTANTS
NOT INVOLVED IN THE RATE
DETERMINING STEP ONLY WON’T
CHANGE THE REACTION RATE AT
ALL.
3. SURFACE AREA
- EXPOSED MATTER OF A SOLID
SUBSTANCE
- INCREASING SURFACE AREA
INCREASES THE EXPOSURE OF
REACTANTS TO ONE ANOTHER
- GREATER EXPOSURE LEADS TO
GREATER REACTION RATE
4. TEMPERATURE
- A RISE IN TEMPERATURE INCREASES
REACTION RATE DUE TO INCREASED
AND MORE ENERGETIC COLLISIONS
BETWEEN REACTING PARTICLES
- A 10℃ RISE IN TEMPERATURE OFTEN
RESULTS IN A DOUBLING OF THE
REACTION RATE
5. CATALYST

- INCREASES REACTION RATES DUE

TO A LOWERING OF THE ACTIVATION
ENERGY FOR THE REACTION
- NOT CONSUMED IN THE REACTION
SO IN THEORY THEY CAN BE USED
OVER AND OVER AGAIN. IN PRACTICE
THEY ARE OFTEN CONTAMINATED AND
OR SOME IS LOST IN A PROCESS
RATE LAW