Basic Education Department

Welcome
to
General Chemistry 2
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Opening Prayer
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LESSON
WEEK 1 Session 4
Time Frame:3 hours
Topic: Colligative Properties of
Solutions
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Life Performance Outcome
Christ-centeredness – Conscious
Mindful, Self-directed Learners and Role Models
Charism - Creative
Courageous, Resourceful Explorers and Problem-Solvers
Community - Collaborative
Credible, Responsive Communicators and Team Players
Commission - Competence
Conscientious, Adept Performers and Achievers
Charity- Compassion
Caring, Committed Advocates for Peace and Universal Well-being
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Most Essential Learning
Competencies
Here are the Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC) that you will learn in this session:
• Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative
properties of solutions.

• Differentiate the colligative properties of

nonelectrolyte solutions and of electrolyte solutions.
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Review

What was our topic yesterday?

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Have you ever wonder why distilled

water is the purest water?
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• Describe the effect of

concentration on the
colligative properties of
solutions.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT What are the colligative
properties of solutions?
• Colligative properties are properties of solutions that
are dependent on the concentration of solute particles
and not on the identity (nature) or mass of the solute
particles.

• can therefore be used in determining molar masses of

substances due to relationship to solute concentration.
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Four types:
• vapor-pressure lowering
• boiling-point elevation
• freezing point depression
• osmotic pressure
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Vapor Pressure
• The pressure exerted by vapor in
equilibrium with its liquid state.
• Liquid molecules at the surface escape into
the gas phase.
• These gas particles create pressure above
the liquid in a closed container.
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How do solutes lower vapor pressure?

Lowering Vapor Pressure
•Because some of the surface is now occupied by solute
particles, there is less room for solvent molecules. This
results in less solvent being able to evaporate. The addition of
a nonvolatile solute results in a lowering of the vapor
pressure of the solvent.
•vapor-pressure lowering depends on number of solute
particles that have been added to the solution
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Remember
The vapor pressure of a solution is directly affected by the
number of solute molecules present in a given amount of
solvent.

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Boiling Point
• Boiling point - temperature at which the vapor pressure of
a liquid is equal to the pressure of the gas above it

• Normal boiling point - temperature at which the vapor

pressure of a liquid is equal to one atmosphere (760 torr)
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What is the relationship between vapor pressure and

boiling point elevation?

Boiling Point Elevation

• review: addition of solute lowers vapor pressure of the
solution.
• For the vapor pressure to become equal to the atmospheric
pressure, an increase in the temperature of the solution is
needed.
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Remember:
Boiling Point Elevation
• When a solute is added to a solvent, the boiling point of the
solution increases.
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How is the freezing point of solvent

depressed in the presence of solutes?

Recall: lowering of the vapor pressure of a solvent

and elevation of the boiling point produced by a
dissolved solute
Freezing point: temperature at which the vapor
pressure of a liquid is at equilibrium to the vapor of its
corresponding solid state. 18
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How does the depression in freezing point

occur?
Freezing-Point Depression
• happens when a solute is added to the pure solvent
that results in the lowering of the freezing point of
the solvent.
• when pure solvent freezes, its particles move slower
and become more ordered as the intermolecular
forces that operate between the molecules become
stable.
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Freezing-Point Depression
• In water molecules, the hydrogen
bonds create a hexagonally-shaped
network of molecules that result in the
structure of ice
• Adding a solute into the liquid solvent,
this ordering process is disrupted
• To freeze it, more energy must be
removed from the solution, and the
freezing point of the solution is lower
than that of the pure solvent. 20
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Freezing-Point Depression
Example: when salt is added to water, it is harder to form
ice since Na+ and Cl– ions tend to attract the water
molecules.
Depression in freezing point - the difference between
the freezing point of the pure solvent and its solution
Freezing point depression is directly proportional to vapor
pressure when a solute is added to a solvent; the freezing
point of the solution also decreases.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Osmosis
Osmosis is the flow of solvent molecules through a
semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent (less
concentrated) to a more concentrated solution.
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How can osmosis be stopped from flowing?

Osmotic Pressure
It is the pressure required to
prevent osmosis and achieve
osmotic equilibrium.

Remember: A semipermeable
membrane is a wall that allows
only solvent molecules to pass
through it by diffusion.
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Tonicity
It is the measure of the relative concentration of
solutes dissolved in solution on either side of a
semipermeable membrane (osmotic pressure gradient)
Three types
• Isotonic - iso- means the same: no net movement of
water.
• Hypotonic - hypo- means less than; a net movement of
water into the cell.
• Hypertonic - hyper- means greater than; a net movement
of water out the cell.
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• Differentiate the
colligative properties of
nonelectrolyte solutions
and of electrolyte
solutions.
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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Electrolyte Solution
• generally consists of ions, atoms, or molecules
that have gained or lost electrons
• electrically conductive
• also called ionic solutions

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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Electrolyte Solution
• An electrolyte solution generally consists of
ions, atoms, or molecules that have gained or
lost electrons, and is also electrically conductive.

•van’t Hoff factor, i, is defined as the ratio of the

measured value of a colligative property to the
expected value, given the solute is an electrolyte.
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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Concept Formula Description

Use this formula to solve

van’t Hoff factor for the van't Hoff factor
where: for electrolytic
•the numerator is the solutions.
measured colligative property;
•the denominator is the
ideal/expected colligative
property
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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Concept Formula Description

Use this formula to solve

Boiling point for the boiling point
elevation elevation for
where:
•ΔTb is the boiling point electrolytic solutions
elevation
•Kb is the boiling point
elevation constant
•m is the molality of the
solution of an ideal solution
•i is the van’t Hoff factor
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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Concept Formula Description

Use this formula to solve

Freezing Point the freezing point
Depression depression for
where:
electrolytic solutions.
•ΔTf is the freezing point
depression
•Kf is the freezing point
depression constant
•m is the molality of the solution
of an ideal solution
•i is the van’t Hoff factor
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Colligative Properties of Electrolyte

Solution
Concept Formula Description

Use this formula to solve

Osmotic Pressure for the osmotic pressure
where: for electrolytic solutions
•M is the molarity of the solution.
•R is the universal gas constant.
•T is the absolute temperature in
Kelvin.
•i is the van’t Hoff factor
 COLLABORATIVE
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STATION
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Pre-Collaborative Activity

Purpose: This activity is for the students to work with their

classmates and to better understand Colligative Properties of
Solutions.
Task : Concept Mapping Activity
1. The class is divided into groups with 5 members each. The
groupings will be done using breakout rooms automatic
assignment.
2. Each group will synthesize concept map within 15 minutes.
3. Then submit the output via quipper and feedback will follow.
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Collaborative Activity Proper

Task : Synthesize a concept map to differentiate each

colligative properties and compare nonelectrolyte
solutions with electrolyte solutions.
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Presentation time
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 INDEPENDENT
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STATION
• Essay on describing the effect of concentration on
the colligative properties of solutions via QEssay.
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• What did you learn from today session?

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Reflection
• Reflection on the importance of solutions
in our everyday living.
• Submit your answer on the google form:
https://forms.gle/NNsG1idHg55oy79B8
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Did we achieve our MELC?

• Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative
properties of solutions.

• Differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte

solutions and of electrolyte solutions.
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Closing Prayer
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