Kurdistan Region Government-Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Akre University for Applied Science
Akre Technical Institute
Surveying department-Morning
First stage-First semester

alidade

Prepared by : Kamiran Barakat

Supervised by: Mr.Bakhtiyar
Dalal Saado
Shamo Mirza
Sami Khudida
Maulod Arif
 OBJECTIVE
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TYPES OF ALIDADE
 OPTICAL ALIDADE
 DIGITAL ALIDADE
 HOW TO USE AN ALIDADE
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

• A ALIDADE IS A SIGHTING INSTRUMENT USED IN SURVEYING AND MAPPING. IT

CONSISTS OF A TELESCOPE WITH A SIGHTING VANE MOUNTED ON A PIVOT. THE
TELESCOPE IS USED TO VIEW THE TARGET, AND THE SIGHTING VANE IS USED TO
ALIGN THE TELESCOPE WITH THE TARGET.
 HISTORY

• ALIDADES HAVE BEEN USED FOR CENTURIES IN SURVEYING AND MAPPING. THE
EARLIEST ALIDADES WERE MADE OF WOOD OR METAL, AND THEY WERE USED
TO MEASURE DISTANCES AND ANGLES. IN THE 18TH CENTURY, ALIDADES BEGAN
TO BE MADE WITH TELESCOPES, WHICH IMPROVED THEIR ACCURACY.
 TYPES OF ALIDADE

• THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF ALIDADE: THE OPTICAL ALIDADE AND THE
DIGITAL ALIDADE.
 OPTICAL ALIDADE

• OPTICAL ALIDADES USE A TELESCOPE TO VIEW THE TARGET. THEY ARE THE
MOST COMMON TYPE OF ALIDADE, AND THEY ARE USED FOR A VARIETY OF
SURVEYING AND MAPPING TASKS.
 DIGITAL ALIDADE

• DIGITAL ALIDADES USE A DIGITAL DISPLAY TO VIEW THE TARGET. THEY ARE
BECOMING INCREASINGLY POPULAR, AS THEY OFFER A NUMBER OF
ADVANTAGES OVER OPTICAL ALIDADES, INCLUDING IMPROVED ACCURACY,
EASE OF USE, AND THE ABILITY TO RECORD DATA.
 HOW TO USE AN ALIDADE

• TO USE AN ALIDADE, THE USER FIRST ALIGNS THE SIGHTING VANE WITH THE
TARGET. THE USER THEN LOOKS THROUGH THE TELESCOPE AND ADJUSTS THE
TELESCOPE UNTIL THE TARGET IS IN THE CENTER OF THE FIELD OF VIEW. THE
DISTANCE TO THE TARGET CAN THEN BE MEASURED BY READING THE SCALE ON
THE ALIDADE.
 Applications
Alidades have a wide range of applications in surveying, including:

1. Topographic Surveys: Alidades are used to measure horizontal and

vertical angles, aiding in the creation of accurate topographic maps.

2. Engineering Surveys: In construction and engineering projects,

alidades assist in determining angles for proper alignment and
positioning of structures.

3. Land Surveys: Alidades are employed in cadastral surveys to measure

angles between boundary lines accurately.

4. Navigation: In marine and aeronautical navigation, alidades play a role

in determining bearings and angles.
• MEASURING DISTANCES:
• ALIDADES CAN BE COMBINED WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS CHAINAGE
OR TRIGONOMETRY, TO MEASURE DISTANCES BETWEEN POINTS. BY MEASURING
THE ANGLE AND DISTANCE TO A TARGET, SURVEYORS CAN CALCULATE THE
DISTANCE USING TRIGONOMETRIC PRINCIPLES.

• DETERMINING ELEVATIONS:
• ALIDADES CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE ELEVATION OF A POINT BY
MEASURING THE ANGLE OF INCLINATION FROM A KNOWN REFERENCE POINT.
THIS IS ESSENTIAL FOR CREATING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS THAT SHOW THE
TERRAIN'S ELEVATION CHANGES.
• MAPPING FEATURES AND BOUNDARIES:
• ALIDADES ARE USED TO MAP VARIOUS FEATURES ON THE GROUND, SUCH AS
BUILDINGS, ROADS, AND PROPERTY BOUNDARIES. BY MEASURING ANGLES AND
DISTANCES, SURVEYORS CAN ACCURATELY REPRESENT THESE FEATURES ON A
MAP.

• ESTABLISHING SURVEY CONTROL NETWORKS:

• ALIDADES ARE EMPLOYED TO ESTABLISH SURVEY CONTROL NETWORKS, WHICH
PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR DETAILED SURVEYS AND MAPPING PROJECTS.
THESE NETWORKS CONSIST OF A SERIES OF POINTS WITH KNOWN COORDINATES
THAT SERVE AS REFERENCE POINTS FOR SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENTS.
 CONCLUSION

• ALIDADES ARE VERSATILE TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY OF

SURVEYING AND MAPPING TASKS. THEY ARE ACCURATE, EASY TO USE, AND CAN
BE USED IN A VARIETY OF ENVIRONMENTS.
 REFERENCE

• HTTPS://WWW.USGS.GOV/PUBLICATIONS/US-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY
• HTTPS://PUBS.USGS.GOV/PUBLICATIO