ARTICLES/POEM

GROUP 6
POEMS OF RIZAL
Sa Aking Mga Kabata

 ‘’To my fellow children’’

 A poem about the love of
one’s native language written
in tagalog.
 Jose Rizal wrote in 1869 at
the age of 8.
 The poem was widely taught
in Philippine schools to point
out Rizal’s precociousness
and early development of his
nationalistic ideals
Mi Primera Inspiracion
 ‘’My first inspiration’’
 First poem written by Dr. Jose Rizal during his third academic
year in Ateneo de Municipal.
 He wrote the poem in 1874, before he turned 14.
 He was delighted to see his mother, Dona Teodora Alonso,
released from prison that same year so he dedicated the poem to
her.
 He also dedicated this poem to his mother’s birthday.
Por la Educacion Recibe
Lustre la Patria
 ‘’Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light’’
 Rizal wrote this poem in the year 1876 at the age of 15.
 It was written in Ateneo de Municipal in Manila.
 The poem was written during the Spanish Government.
Alianza intima Entre La Religion Y La
Buena Educacion
 ‘’The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
Education’’
 Poem he wrote to show the important relationship between
religion and education.
 During the summer of April 1876, before entering his 15 th in
Ateneo Municipal in June, Jose Rizal previous to turning 15
wrote this poem along with Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre
La Patria.
RELIGIOUS POEM

 Al Nino Jesus
 “To the child Jesus”
 Written in Spanish by Jose Rizal in 1875 at the age of 14 during
his stay in Ateneo De Municipal.

 A La Virgen Maria
 “To the Virgin Mary”
 It was written during Rizal’s academic stay in Ateneo Municipal
de Manila on 3 December 1876.
Among the poems he wrote, in 1875 were the
ff:

 Felicitacion ( Felicitation)
 El Embarque Himno a la Flota de Magallanes ( The
Departure: hymn to Magellan’s Fleet)
 Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vueltra al
Mundo ( And he is Spanish Elcano, the First to
circumnavigate the world)
 El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo
( The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
The following year of 1877

 El Heroismo de Colon
 “The Heroism of Columbus”
 This poem praises Columbus for his adventurous spirit and his success as an explorer.
 Colon y Juan II
 “Columbus and John II”
 This poem relates how the king of Portugal, John II missed fame and riches by his failure to finance the
expedition of Columbus to the New World.

 Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha

 “A farewell Dialogue by the Students”
 This is a virtual farewell poem of Rizal written during his last days in Ateneo.
“To the Filipino Youth” was described as
winning classic in Philippine Literature

1. It was the first Spanish poem written by a

Filipino which gained recognition among known
Spanish authors,
2. It contained for the first time, the nationalistic
sentiment insinuating that the Filipinos, and not
the foreigners were the “fair hope of Fatherland.”
  Abd-el- Azis y Mahoma
 1879, which was declaimed by Manuel Fernandez, an
Atenean on the occasion of the Ateneo’s patroness.

 A Filipinas
 1880, for the album of the Society of Sculptures.

 Al M.R.P Pablo Ramon

 1881, the Ateneo rector whom he considered a very
good and helpful friend.
  Amor Patrio
 “Love of Country”
 Described as a nationalistic essay wherein a pen name
Laong Laan was used.
 This article was published in two texts, one in Tagalog and
one in Spanish.

 Los Viajes
 “Travels”
 Inspired by the encouragement given by the publisher
 Revista de Madrid

Review of Madrid”
The latter which was returned for the
newspaper had ceased publication for
financial reasons.
  Flores de Heidelberg
 “To the flowers of Heidelberg”
 Wrote in April 22, 1886
 Describing such beautiful spring flowers
 While viewing the cool banks of the Neckar River, he was fascinated by the blooming forget-me-nots along
it banks and so impressed was he that he wrote this poem.

 The song of Maria Clara

 It is a poem inside his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, which is also a popular piece in poetry.

 Josephine, Josephine
 He wrote this poem for Josephine.
Name of the Poem: Short Description
“Mi Ultimo Adios” Farewell poem expressing love for the Phillippines.

“Sa aking mga Kabata” Emphasis on education and native language prize

“A La Juventud Filipina” Call to Filipino youth to embrace culture and progress.

“Himno Al Trabajo” Praises labor’s value and societal contribution.

“A Las Flores De Heidelberg” Reflects on home while in Heidelberg, Germany.

“Kundiman” Explores love and devotion to the homeland.

“A las Mujeres” Tribute to women and their roles in society.

Name of the Poem: Short Description
“To The Philippine Youth” Encourages youth to contribute to the nation.

“To the Virgin Mary” Devotional poem seeking the Virgin Mary’s intercession.

“In Memory of My Town” Nostalgic reflection on Rizal’s hometown.

“A Cada Caballero Espanol” Satirical critique of Spanish arrogance toward Filipinos.

“To the Philippines” Yearning for the nation’s liberation from oppression

“Our Mother Tongue” Emphasizes the importance of preserving native language.

“To my Muse” Dedication to a muse or source of inspiration.

Name of the Poem: Short Description
“A Rizal” Tribute poem by Fernando M. Guerrero.

“A Francisco Balagtas” A homage to the Filipino poet Francisco Balagtas.

“A La Agricultura” Praises the value of agriculture in society.

“Don Crisostomo Ibarra” Poem reflecting on the character from Noli Me Tangere

“To the Rising Generation” Calls on the new generation to carry on the fight.

“A Lagrimas y Risas” Contrast between tears and laughter in life.

“A Villamor” Commemorates the death of Fr. Vicente Garcia Villamor.

Articles of Rizal
Articles in Diariong Tagalog
  “El Amor Patrio” (The Love of Country)
 Written in the summer of 1882, it was published in Diariong Tagalog in August.
He used the pen name “Laong Laan” (ever prepared) as a byline for this article
and he sent it to Marcelo H. Del Pilar for Tagalog translation.

 Written during the Spanish colonization and reign over the Philippine islands, the
article aimed to establish nationalism and patriotism among the natives. Rizal
extended his call for the love of country to his fellow compatriots in Spain, for he
believed that nationalism should be exercised anywhere a person is.
  “Revista De Madrid” (Review of Madrid)

 This article written by Rizal on November 29, 1882 was unfortunately

returned to him because Diariong Tagalog had ceased publications for
lack of funds.
Articles in La Solidaridad
  “Los Agricultores Filipinos” (The Filipino Farmers)
 This essay dated March 25, 1889 was the first article of Rizal published in La Solidaridad. In this writing,
he depicted the deplorable conditions of the Filipino farmers in the Philippines, hence the backwardness of
the country.

 A La Defensa” (To La Defensa)

 This was in response to the anti-Filipino writing by Patricio de la Escosura published by La
Defensa on March 30, 1889 issue. Written on April 30, 1889, Rizal’s article refuted the
views of Escosura, calling the readers’ attention to the insidious influences of the friars to
the country.
  “Los Viajes” (Travels)
 Published in the La Solidaridad on May 15, 1889, this article tackled the rewards gained by the people who are well-
traveled to many places in the world.

 “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth for All)

 This was Rizal’s counter to the Spanish charges that the natives were ignorant and depraved. On May 31, 1889, it was published in the La
Solidaridad.

 "Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”

 The first installment of Rizal’s “Vicente Barrantes” was published in the La Solidaridad on June 15, 1889. In this article, Rizal exposed
Barrantes’ lack of knowledge on the Tagalog theatrical art.
  “Defensa Del Noli”
 The manuscripts of the “Defensa del Noli” was written on June 18, 1889. Rizal sent the article to Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
wanting it to be published by the end of that month in the La Solidaridad.

 “Verdades Nuevas”(New Facts/New Truths)

 In this article dated July 31, 1889, Rizal replied to the letter of Vicente Belloc Sanchez which was published on July 4, 1889 in ‘La Patria’, a
newspaper in Madrid. Rizal addressed Sanchez’s allegation that provision of reforms to the Philippines would devastate the diplomatic rule of
the Catholic friars

 “Una Profanacion” (A Desecration/A Profanation)

 Published on July 31, 1889, this article mockingly attacked the friars for refusing to give Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa, Rizal’s brother in
law, who died of cholera in May 23, 1889. Being the husband of Lucia Rizal (Jose’s sister), Herbosa was denied of burial in the Catholic
cemetery by the priests.
  “Crueldad” (Cruelty)
 Dated August 15, 1889, this was Rizal’s witty defense of Blumentritt from the libelous attacks of his
enemies.

 “Diferencias” (Differences)
 Published on September 15, 1889, this article countered the biased article entitled “Old Truths” which was printed in
La Patria on August 14, 1889. “Old Truths” ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms.

 “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences)
 The Spanish Pablo Mir Deas attacked Antonio Luna in the Barcelona newspaper “El Pueblo Soberano”. As Rizal’s
defense of Luna, he wrote this article which was published on November 30, 1889.
  “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude)
 Dated January 15, 1890, this article was the hero’s reply to Governor General Weyler who told the people in Calamba that they
“should not allow themselves to be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.”

 “Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala” (On The New

Orthography of The Tagalog Language)
 In this article dated April 15, 1890, he laid down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography and, with modesty and sincerity, gave
the credit for the adoption of this new orthography to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, author of the celebrated work “El Sanscrito
en la Lengua Tagala” (Sanskrit in the Tagalog Language) published in Paris, 1884.
 “I put this on record,” wrote Rizal, “so that when the history of this orthography is traced, which is already being adopted by the
enlightened Tagalists, that what is Caesar’s be given to Caesar. This innovation is due solely to Dr. Pardo de Tavera’s studies on
Tagalismo. I was one of its most zealous propagandists.”
  “Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas” (The Indolence of the
Filipinos)

 It was published in La Solidaridad in five consecutive issues on July (15 and 31), August (1 and 31) and September
1, 1890
 Other Rizal’s articles which were also printed in La Solidaridad were “A La Patria” (November 15, 1889), “Sin
Nobre” (Without Name) (February 28, 1890), and “Cosas de Filipinas” (Things about the Philippines) (April 30,
1890).
 Moreover, Rizal explained that Filipinos were just wise in their level of work under topical climate. He explained,
“violent work is not a good thing in tropical countries as it is would be parallel to death, destruction, annihilation.
Rizal concluded that natives’ supposed indolence was an end-product of the Spanish colonization.