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Nethra
Mahendran
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Skills of understanding
● Understanding implicit as well as explicit
meanings and attitudes is a vital ability to

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have when reacting to a text.
● Implicit meaning is implied though not
directly expressed from the text. Explicit
e
Summary techniqu means fully revealed or expressed .
● Your predictions must be based on the

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information in the passage.
● Main Ideas: Identify the main ideas and
key concepts presented in the text.
● Understand the supporting details and
examples that contribute to the overall

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understanding.
● Paraphrasing: Express the content in one's
own words while retaining the original
meaning.
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Skim reading Scanning

A text involves reading it quickly -

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Scanning takes you quickly to key
you don't read every word, just
points in a text, which you then study
enough to get an idea of each
more closely in order to locate
paragraph. Reading the first and last
information. To begin with, you need

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sentence of each paragraph can help
to identify the key words you are
give you an idea of what information
scanning for.
will be located in each paragraph.

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Tips for better scanning
• Don't try to read every word. Instead,
let your eyes move quickly across the
page until you find what you are looking
for.
• Look for keywords and synonyms of
keywords in the question e.g.
challenges / problems / difficulties' or
'advantages / benefits'.
• Use clues on the page, such as
headings and titles, to help you.
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Factual accuracy
When changing information into your
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own words and trying to reduce their
number, there is a danger that you
may express something in a way that
is no longer strictly true; for example
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‘the majority of the island’ is not the
same as ‘most of the island’. You need
to be careful that you have not
changed the meaning, of the passage
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or the information it gives.
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Robinson Crusoe From the 1st of October to the 24th. All these days entirely
spent in many several voyages to get all I could out of the
ship, which I brought on shore, every tide of flood, upon
rafts. Much rain also in these days, though with some
September 30, 1659.
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intervals of fair weather; but, it seems, this. Was the rainy

season.
1, poor miserable Robinson Crusoe, being
shipwrecked, during a dreadful storm, came on shore October 26.
on this dismal unfortunate island, which I called the
Island of Despair, all the rest of the ship's company I walked about the shore almost all day to find out a place to
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being drowned, and myself almost dead.
All the rest of that day I spent in afflicting myself at
the dismal circumstances I was brought to, viz. I had
neither food, house, clothes, weapon, or place to fly to;
fix my habitation, greatly concerned to secure myself from
an attack in the night, either from wild beasts or men.
Towards night I fixed upon a proper place under a rock, and
marked out a semicircle for my encampment, which I
resolved to strengthen with a work, wall, or fortification.

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and in despair of any relief, saw nothing but death
The 31st.
before me; either that I should be devoured by wild
beasts, murdered by savages, or starved to death for
In the morning, I went out into the island with my gun to see
want of food. At the approach of night, I slept in a tree
for some food, and discover the country; when I killed a she-
for fear of wild creatures, but slept soundly, though it
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goat, and her kid followed me home, which I afterwards

rained all night. killed also, because it would not feed.
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Questions
November 1. 3. In one sentence, describe the situation of
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Robinson Crusoe on the island of Despair by

I set up my tent under a rock, and lay there for
answering these questions in any order:
the first night, making it as large as I could, with
stakes driven in to swing my hammock upon.
■Who is he?
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November 17.
■Where is he?
This day I began to dig behind my tent into the
rock. Note, three things I wanted exceedingly ■What happened to him?
for this work, viz. A pick-axe, a shovel, and a
wheelbarrow or basket; so I ceased my work,

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■How did he get there?
and began to consider how to supply that want
and make me some tools. A spade was so
absolutely necessary, that indeed I could do ■When did it happen?
nothing effectually without it; but what kind of
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one to make, I knew not.

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08/12/23

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Answer 4. You are going to write a summary of

Robinson Crusoe's situation which
Robinson Crusoe is stranded on what includes his:

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he calls the Island of Despair in autumn
1659, after his ship sinks in a storm and ■ needs
he manages to swim ashore as the only
■ fears
survivor.

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■disappointments.

■ difficulties

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First, make brief notes under each
heading. Then, write a one-paragraph
summary, in modern English, using all
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your notes.
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08/12/23

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Answer

Robinson Crusoe needs shelter, tools and

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a means of light, and he faces the
difficulties of protecting himself from
wild animals and natives, and of finding
s u m m a ry? The
a brief
What is enough food to survive. His is afraid of

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io n is: a
efinit
formal d r account of the being attacked, and is disappointed by
statemen
to
m e th in g. A nd
in p o in ts of so u h ave to his efforts to hunt goats, and by how
ma t y o
t ' s e x a c tly wha re levant much work is involved in building a
tha a in ,
. Id e n ti fy the m in your

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do t e th e m strong barricade around his shelter.
d wri
points an in an organised
rds
ow n w o
manner.
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08/12/23

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Continued Answers
5. With your partner, list future

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incidents or problems which Robinson
Crusoe may face later in the novel, Flip the page to
based on evidence in the extract. Share
and support your predictions with your know the

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class.
answer

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ACTIVITIE
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Answer
He may run out of food; be attacked by
something or someone; become
S OVER!

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weak/ill and unable to work, become
lonely/despairing.

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THE END!

OVER
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THANK YOU!
Notebook
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