SOLID MECHANICS

CH 19301
III SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

COURSE INCHARGE
Dr.G.VIJAYARAGHAVAN

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 WHAT IS SOLID MECHANICS ?

• Solid mechanics is the study of the deformation

and motion of solid materials under the action
of forces.
• It is one of the fundamental applied engineering
sciences, in the sense that it is used to describe,
explain and predict many of the physical
phenomena around us.

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 Aspects of Solid Mechanics
The theory of Solid Mechanics starts with the
rigid body, an ideal material in which the distance
between any two particles remains fixed, a good
approximation in some applications.
Rigid body mechanics is usually subdivided
into
• Statics, the mechanics of materials and structures at
rest, for example of a cable-stayed bridge
• Dynamics, the study of bodies which are changing
speed, for example of an accelerating and
decelerating elevator.
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• Elasticity theory is used, in which a material
is assumed to undergo small deformations
when loaded and, when unloaded, returns to its
original shape.

• The theory well approximates the behaviour of

most real solid materials at low loads, and the
behaviour of the “engineering materials”, for
example steel and concrete, right up to fairly
high loads.
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Some other topics embraced by Solid Mechanics, are
• rods, beams, shells and membranes
• vibrations of solids and structures
• composite materials
• contact mechanics
• fracture and damage mechanics
• stability of structures
• large deformation mechanics
• Biomechanics
• Variational formulations and computational mechanics
• dynamical systems and chaos
• Experimental mechanics
• Thermomechanics
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 APPLICATIONS

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 COURSE OBJECTIVE:
• To understand the theory of elasticity including
strain/displacement and Hooke’s law relationships.
• To solve for stresses and deflections of beams
under unsymmetrical loading.
• To obtain stresses and deflections of beams on
elastic foundations.
• To solve torsion problems in bars thin walled
members.
• To obtain solutions to column buckling and plate
problems.
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 SYLLABUS

UNIT CH 19301 HOURS

STRESS, STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS Rigid bodies and deformable solids
– forces on solids and supports – equilibrium and stability – strength and stiffness – tension, 9
1 compression and shear stresses – Hooke’s law and simple problems – compound bars – thermal
stresses – elastic constants and Poisson’s ratio – welded joints – design.

TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS Beams – support conditions – types of Beams –

transverse loading on beams – shear force and bending moment in beams – analysis of cantilevers,
2 simply – supported beams and over hanging beams – relationships between loading, S.F. and B.M. 9
In beams and their applications – S.F.& B.M.

DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS Double integration method – Macaulay’s method – Area – moment

3 theorems for computation of slopes and deflections in beams – conjugate beam method. 9
STRESSES IN BEAMS Theory of simple bending – assumptions and derivation of bending
equation (M/I = F/Y = E/R) – analysis of stresses in beams – loads carrying capacity of beams –
4 proportioning beam sections – leaf springs – flitched beams – shear stress distribution in beams – 9
determination of shear stress in flanged beams.

TORSION AND COLUMNS Torsion of circular shafts – derivation of torsion equation (T/J = C/R
= G0/L) – stress and deformation in circular and hollow shafts – stresses and deformation in circular
and hollow shafts – stepped shafts – shafts fixed at both ends – stresses in helical springs –
5 deflection of springs – spring constant- Axially loaded short columns – Euler’s theory of long 9
columns.

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 TEXT BOOKS
• Bansal, R.K., A Text book of Strength of Materials,
6th Edition, Lakshmi Publications (P) Ltd, New
Delhi, (2017).
• William A.Nash, Theory and Problems of Strength
of Materials, Schaum’s Outline Series. McGraw
Hill International Editions, Third Edition, 1994.
• Rjaput,R.K., A Textbook of Strength of Materials
(Mechanics of Solids) in SI Units, S.Chand
Publications, 7th Edition, (2018)

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 COURSE OUTCOME
On completion of this course, the students
• Will be able to determine stress, strain and
elasticity with all its prerequisites.
• Will be able to design of beams.
• Will be able to design pipelines and storage tanks.
• Will be able to develop skills on designing
reaction columns.
• Will be able to perform the design analysis of
support column.
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 MECHANICS

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• As seen, mechanics of rigid bodies is divided
into two parts as “Statics” and “Dynamics”.
Statics, is the branch of mechanics that deals
with the bodies that are acted on by balanced
forces.
• A force system acting on a body is said to be
balanced if it has no tendency to change the
state of rest or motion of the body in any way.
• If a body is in equilibrium, the force system
acting on it must be balanced.

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• Statics constitutes a very important part of
mechanics since it presents solution methods
for the determination of support forces at
bodies in equilibrium and establishment of
relationships between external loads and
internal force distribution.

• Numerous practical engineering problems

involving load carrying members can be
solved by using the Principles of Statics.

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• Dynamics is concerned with moving bodies.
• It is subdivided into two parts as Kinematics
and Kinetics.
• Kinematics deals with the geometry of motion
without taking into consideration the loading
that causes this motion.
• Kinetics considers the loads that cause the
motion.

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 Rigid body

• Rigid body is basically defined as a body where changes

in the distance between any two of its points is negligible.

• In case of rigid body, all the points will maintain the same
position with respect to another points and we may not
change the shape or deform the body by any way.

• In practical, there is not a body of such type i.e. perfectly

rigid body and therefore this is only one idealization.

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 Deformable body

• Deformable body is basically defined as a

body where changes in the distance between
any two of its points could not be neglected.

• In case of deformable body, all the points will

not maintain the same position with respect to
another points and we may change the shape
or deform the body by applying the any kind
of external force.
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Deformation of a rubber is significant where as deformation of a rock piece is negligible.

The study of deformable bodies is called Mechanics of solids or Strength of materials.

This subject involves the analytical method of determining the strength, stiffness and
stability of the materials.

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FORCES ON SOLIDS AND SUPPORTS

• The nature of forces set up within a body to

balance the effect of the externally applied
forces.
• The externally applied forces are termed as
loads.

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These externally applied forces may be due to any one of the reason.

(i) due to service conditions

(ii) due to environment in which the component
works
(iii) through contact with other members
(iv) due to fluid pressures
(v) due to gravity or inertia forces.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF LOAD
• Based on the action of forces, loads are
classified into three types,

1. Point Load or Concentrated Load

2.Uniformly Distributed Load
3. Uniformly Varying Load

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 Point load
• When a load acts concentrated at a definite
point then it is named as a concentrated load or
point load.

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 Uniformly Distributed Load

• A distributed load is a load which is spread on

some length of a beam, i.e.
• The reason it is measured in intensity with
units Newton/meter.
• If the intensity is constant along the length
then it is named as uniformly distributed load

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 Uniformly Varying Load

• Whenever the load distributed along the length

of the beam varies in intensity uniformly,
according to some law. Then it is named as
uniformly varying load

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 STRESS
• Strength is the property of material by which it can expand to the

highest steps prior to failure.

• Stress is the force of resistance per unit area, offered by a body

against deformation.

• The external force acting on the body is called the load or force.

• The formula for the normal stress is given by

σ = P/A,
Where
σ = Sigma = Stress also called as Intensity of stress, N/m 2
P = External fore or Load (N)
A= CSA (m2)
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 Strain
• When an external force is applied on a body,
there is some change occur in the dimension of
the body. The ratio of this change of
dimension in the body to its actual length is
called strain. Strain is dimensionless quantity.
Mathematically,
Strain= (change in length)/(original length)
ϵ= dl/l

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 The normal stress is again subdivided into two parts.

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 Tensile Stress
• The stress which induced in a body when it
is subjected to two equal and opposite pulls as
shown in the figure given below
is called tensile stress.

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• Due to the tensile stress there is an increase in the

length of the body and decrease in the cross section

area of the body.

• Tensile stress is a type of normal stress, so it acts at 90

degree to the area.

• The strain which is induced due to tensile stress is

called tensile strain. It is equals to the ratio of increase

in the length to the original length.
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 Compressive Stress
• The stress which induced in a body when
it is subjected to two equal and opposite
pushes as shown in the figure given
below is called compressive stress.

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• Due to the compressive stress, there is a
decrease in the length and increase in the cross
section area of the body.
• Compressive stress is also a type of normal
stress and so it also acts at 90 degree to the
area.
• The strain which is induced due to
compressive stress is called compressive
strain.
• It is equals to the ratio of decrease in the
length to the original length.
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 Thank You

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