RESEARCH

PLASTERING
 PLASTERING

 Plastering is a construction and finishing

technique used to create a smooth, even,
and decorative surface on the interior and
exterior walls and ceilings of buildings.

 Involves the application of a mixture

called plaster, >>> composed of gypsum,
lime, or cement, along with sand and
water, to a substrate such as masonry,
drywall, or lath.
 TYPES OF MOTAR USED IN PLASTERING

 Choice of mortar depends on factors such as the

type of surface, the desired finish, and local
building practices.
Cement Mortar:
 Widely used for plastering
 Consist of cement, sand, and water.
 ratio of cement to sand can vary, depending on the desired
strength and finish.
 Durable and suitable for both interior and exterior plastering

Lime Mortar:
 Contain lime, sand, and water
 Known for their breathability and
flexibility>>suitable for historic or older
buildings.
 Used for traditional and heritage restoration
projects.
Lime-Cement Mortar:
 Known as lime-cement plaster
 Lime and cement as key components.
 Combine the qualities of both lime and cement-based mortars
 Mixture offers a balance between the properties of pure lime
mortar and pure cement mortar>> better adhesion and
durability
 Used in Exterior, Plastering, Restoration, Bricklaying, Repair
Work, Stucco
 COATS OF PLASTER

 Two or three coats

 Brick work and stone masonry >> min. two coats
 Wood or metal >> min. three coats

Scratch Coat (First Coat):

 First coat of plaster>>"scratch coat" or "base
coat.“
 Thickness 10 mm- 15 mm
 Provide a strong bond with the substrate (such
as masonry, drywall, or lath) >>> create a level
surface for subsequent coats.
 Usually thicker than the other coats >>contain
coarser sand for better adhesion.
 After application, the surface is scratched or
scored to create a rough texture, which helps the
next coat adhere securely
 Plastering on brick work
Plastering on wood work
Brown Coat (Second Coat):
 Second coat of plaster >>"brown coat.“
 Thickness 6mm- 9mm
 Applied over the scratch coat >> provide
additional thickness and further level the
surface
 Typically thinner than the scratch coat
>>contains finer sand for a smoother
finish.
 Depending on the desired finish and the
surface condition, >>trowelled to a
relatively smooth surface or left slightly
textured to receive the final coat.
Finish Coat (Third Coat):
 Final coat of plaster >> "finish coat" or
"topcoat.
 Thickness 2mm-3mm
 Provide the desired texture, appearance,
and smoothness to the plastered surface.
 More thinly than the previous coats
>>>adjusted to achieve a smooth, textured,
or decorative finish, depending on the
desired aesthetic.
 Composed of a finer mix of plaster>>>>to
achieve the desired surface quality
 METHODS OF PLASTERING
SN. LIME PLASTER CEMENT LIME-CEMENT
STEPS PLASTER PLASTER
1 Surface  Ensure that the substrate is clean, free from loose debris, and slightly
Preparatio damp.
n  If plastering on laths, secure them firmly to the wall or ceiling, leaving a
2 Mixing the  small gaphydrated
Mix the betweenlime
themandfor the plaster to grip.  Mix cement and sand in
 Mix cement and the desired ratio.
Plaster sand in the desired ratio. sand in the desired  Add hydrated lime to the
 Common ratios are 1:3 or ratio. mix amount of lime added
1:2 depending on the  Common ratios >>around 10% to 20% of
application. are 1:3 or 1:4 the cement weight.
3 Application  Apply a "scratch coat" as the first layer >>> use a scratcher to create a rough
surface on this coat.
 Allow the scratch coat to partially dry (but not fully) before applying additional
coats>>> take a few hours or more.
 Apply additional coats (usually two or three) of lime plaster
 Trowel the final coat to achieve the desired finish, whether smooth, textured, or
decorative.
4 Curing  Requires proper curing to achieve maximum strength and durability.
 Moist the surface with water and cover it with damp cloths or plastic sheets to
slow down the drying process.
 Keep it moist for at least several days or longer, depending on the environment.
5 Finishing  Enhance the plaster's appearance by burnishing it with a trowel or applying lime
wash or paint for color and protection
 Leave the plaster as is for a textured look or apply paint or other decorative
finishes
 DEFECTS IN PLASTERING
 Defects in plastering refer to imperfections or issues that can occur during or after the
plastering process, which negatively impact the appearance, structural integrity, or
durability of the plastered surface.
 Result from various factors, including poor workmanship, incorrect materials, and
environmental conditions.
 Cracks: improper mixing of plaster,
inadequate curing, or structural
movement.
 Hollows or Blisters: gaps or bubbles
between the plaster and the wall
 Crazing: fine, interconnected cracks on
the surface of the plaster>>plaster dries too
quickly
 Bulging or Slumping: uneven distribution
of plaster, resulting in areas that protrude or
sink compared to the surrounding surface.
 Efflorescence: appearance of white,
powdery deposits on the surface of plaster
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