BOJJAM NARASIMHLU

PHARMACY COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

SEMINAR ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
AND DRUG DELIVERY
 PRESENTATION
BY: Syeda Zaina
Ali
FINAL YEAR
STUDENT AT
BNPCW
 WE WILL LEARN ABOUT.....

1.INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY:

2. NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM:

3 .NANO vs TRADITIONAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF NANOPARTICLE

5 .PRODUCTION OF NANOPARTICLES

6. GERENAL APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT FIELDS

7 .CURRENT ADVANCEMENTS OF NANOPARTICLES IN MEDICINE

☆Introduction to nanotechnology:
 Nanomedicine

 The medical application of

nanotechnology
 Diagnosis, prevention and
treatment diseases
 Usage of nanoparticles to
improve the behavior of
drugs .

Q.HOW DO NANO PARTICLES CARRY DRUGS???

 NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
o Usage of engineered nanoparticles to delivery in a more targeted, efficient
way , with less unpleasant side effects to patient.

o LETS LOOK AS LIPOSOME AS AN EXAMPLE

LIPOSOME:MOST
COMMONLY USED
NANOPARTICLE

ANS: NANOPARTICLE ACT AS VEHICLE ON WHICH THE DRUG ARE ENCAPSULATED WITHIN
OR CHEMICALLY BONDED.
Nano Drug Delivery System-
Vehicle and Cargo

 Biocampatible as it have similar

membrane as human cells
 Specifically target certain
molecules to bind to
 Nano drugs are protected during
travel
 Nano drugs of different solubility
properties are carried within the
liposomes
Nano Drug Delivery System-Route
Q. How are nanoparticles carrying drug administered into body?
Nano Drug Delivery
System-Targeting
Q. How do nanoparticles deliver drug to
targeted tissue?
NORMAL BLOOD VESSELS:
 Cells walls have tight junctions with
spaces smaller than nanoparticles
 Nanoparticle carrying drug is not able to
enter , preventing toxicity to normal
tissues
CANCEROUS BLOOD VESSSELS:
 Cancer cells are dilated with large
gaps(200-1200nm) & compromised
lymphatic drainage

PURELY SIZE AND GEOMENTRY DEPENDENT
Highly permeable for nanoparticles
upto diameter 400nm to enter
MODE
preferentially accumulate at targeted
tumor cells.
 Nano Drug Delivery
System-Targeting
 Affinity ligands (antibodies ,DNA/RNA) are
attached to nanoparticle surface
 This allow the Nanoparticle carrying drug
to recognise and bind to target cells
having specific receptors on their surfaces
e.g tumor cells
 After the Nanoparticle is bound to the
target cells,the drug carried within is
released inside the target cells

NOT DEPENDENT ON SIZE OR GEOMENTRY

Nano vs Traditional Drug Delivery System

CRITERIA TRADITIONAL NANO

Drugs will pass Delivered in more

Specificity through unaffected targeted manner to
sites before reaching the affected site.
to the affected site.
Higher initial dosage Able to control the
Dosage release is required dosage by trigger ,
No control ability requirement and even
time-release

Drug concentration at Drug concentration at

Efficacy affected site is low. affected site is
more optimised.

Inevitable exposure of Lesser exposure of

Side effects unaffected site of unaffected site of drug
drug.
JUMP FROM CONVENTIONAL DRUG TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

 Conventional drugs are administered in body via oral and injection routes
which circulate throughout the body and can cause harmful effects in other
organs as well as protein ad peptide drugs are poorly absorbed in oral
administration .
 Nanoparticles have increased efficacy and lowering side effects by proper
emancipation of the drug during transportation.
 The important thing in nanotechnology as a drug delivery tool is that it can
be assimilated inside the body without any side and chemical reactions.
 The increased biological availability of drug at particular site for long cycle of
time and very low wastage od drug make it a prefect tool for drug delivery.
 It can also enhance the half life of the drug in the circulation system as
well as dissolving power of poorly water soluble drugs.
 Nanotechnology could also be used to refine drug production, tailoring drugs
at a molecular level to make them more effective and reduce side effects.
 Nanotechnology has the potential to bring major advances in medicine.
Nanobots could be sent into a patient's arteries to clear away blockages.
Surgeries could become much faster and more accurate. Injuries could be
repaired cell-by-cell.
 TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES

CARBON-BASED: These nanoparticles are made METAL-BASED: These nanoparticles are prepared
CEREMIC-BASED: These are made up of oxides,
up of carbon components and are used for from metals using chemical and
carbonates, and phosphates. They show good
strengthening structures as an alternative to electromechanical processes. These
resistance to chemicals and heat. By controlling
steel. Carbon-based nanoparticles include two nanoparticles have applications in research
certain characteristics of ceramic nanoparticles
main materials: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fields, detection and imaging of biomolecules,
such as size, surface area, porosity, surface-to-
fullerenes. The CNT is nothing but a graphene and environmental and bioanalytical
volume ratio, etc., they exhibit a good drug
sheet rolled into a tube. Fullerenes are applications. For example in SEM gold
delivery agent. These nanoparticles have been
allotropes of carbon that have a hollow cage nanoparticles are used to coat the sample before
effectively used as drug delivery systems for
structure of 60 or more carbon atoms. The analysis. This is usually done to enhance the
many diseases such as bacterial infections,
structure of C-60 is called buckminsterfullerene, electronic stream, which helps us to get high-
glaucoma, cancer, etc.
and it looks like a hollow football. quality images.
 PRODUCTION OF NANOPARTICLES
 Nanomaterials and/or nanoparticles are used in a broad spectrum of applications .Today
they are contained in many products and used in various technologies. Most nanoproducts
produced on an industrial scale are nanoparticles, although they also arise as byproducts
in the manufacture of other materials.
 Two basic strategies are used to produce
nanoparticles:
(a) Top-down
(b) Botton-up

 The term “top-down” refers here to the mechanical crushing of source material using a
milling process. In the “bottom-up” strategy, structures are built up by chemical
processes.
 GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT
FIELDS
 FOOD INDUSTRY:
 Nanoparticles like Silver mixed
with polymers are being used to enhance
the quality of food packaging material
thereby increasing its shelf life. making it
last longer and taste better. Furthermore,
“smart packaging”, through which
biological changes occurring in the food are
detected is also one of the significant
applications of Nanotechnology. The
importance of nanotechnology in food
processing can be evaluated by considering
its role in the improvement of food
products in terms of
 food texture,
 food appearance,
 food taste
 nutritional value of the food, and
 food shelf-life.
ELECTRONICS AND DEVICES:

 With the advancement in

technology, we have shifted from
bulky Television sets and mobile
phones to sleek TV sets and
smartphones. Moreover, with the
use of nanomaterials
like Graphene, thin, lightweight,
better quality TV screens which
also consume less power have
been invented!
TEXTILE AND FABRICS:
 To make a piece of cloth wearable,
wrinkle and odor-free across
seasons, specialized fabrics with
nano-sized Silver and
Titanium particles are being used.
This has led to the production of
lightweight, thin and breathable
fabrics. The other applications of
Nanotechnology in this industry
include making fabrics stain-
resistant and improving durability.
AUTOMOBLIES:
 The automobile industry has seen
every now and then, new four- and
two-wheeler models are launched
which work on extra-edge
technology. This is yet another
industry where the applications of
Nanotechnology are visible.
Various polymer nanocomposites like
Natural Rubber-Organoclay have
been used in tyres to make them
abrasion-resistant. Furthermore,
adding nanoparticles like tungsten
nanospheres to car fluids has
enhanced their mechanical
properties.
SPORTING EQUIPMENTS
AND GOODS:
 In today’s society, different
types of co-curricular activities like sports have
become a popular choice for building a career.
And due to this, many revolutionary changes
are being made, especially in Tennis and Golf.
With the use of nanomaterials like Silica
nanoparticles, nanoclays fullerenes, etc high-
end racquets, new tennis balls through which
air releases at a slow pace, lightweight hockey
sticks, and club shaft material with improved
durability have been made.
CURRENT ADVANCEMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASE:
 1. CANCER
Nano wires are used to prepare sensor test chips,
which can detect proteins and other biomarkers
left behind by cancer cells, and detect and make
diagnosis of cancer possible in the early stages from
a single drops of a patient's blood.

Nano shells of 120 nm diameter, coated with gold

were used to kill cancer tumor in mice by Prof.
Jennifer at Rice University. These nano shells are
targeted to bond to cancerous cells by conjugating
antibodies or peptides to the nano shell surface.
Area of the tumor is irradiated with an infrared
laser, which heats the gold sufficiently and kills the
cancer cells .
Cadmium selenite nanoparticles in the form of
quantum dots are used in detection of cancer
tumors because when exposed to ultraviolet light,
they glow. The surgeon injects these quantum
dots into cancer tumors and can see the glowing
tumor, thus the tumor can easily be removed.
 2.NEURODEGENERATIVE
DISORDER:
a) In order to minimize the peripheral side-effects of
conventional forms of Parkinson's disease therapy,
research is focused on the design, biometric
simulation and optimization of an intracranial nano-
enabled scaffold device (NESD) for the site-specific
delivery of dopamine to the brain.
b) In vitro diagnostics for Alzheimers disease
has advanced due to ultrasensitive nanoparticle-
based bio-barcodes and immune sensors, as well as
scanning tunneling microscopy procedures
capable of detecting Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42
c) Tuberculosis in children constitutes a
major problem. There is commercial non
availability of the first-line drugs in pediatric form.
Novel antibiotics can be designed to overcome
drug resistance, cut short the duration of the
treatment course and to reduce drug interactions
with antiretroviral therapies.
3.OPTHALMOLOGY:
 A novel nanoscale-dispersed eye ointment
(NDEO) for the treatment of severe
evaporative dry eye has been successfully
developed.
 The excipients used as semisolid lipids
were petrolatum and lanolin, as used in
conventional eye ointment, which were
coupled with medium-chain
triglycerides (MCT) as a liquid lipid; both
phases were then dispersed in
polyvinyl pyrrolidone solution to form
nanodispersion.
 The optimized formulation of NDEO was
stable when stored for six months at 4°C,
and demonstrated no cytotoxicity to
human corneal epithelial cells when
compared with commercial polymer-based
artifcial tears (Tears Natural®Forte).
THANK YOU !!!