PHYSICAL and

CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES of
MINERALS where your
Here is
s
template begin
 ● is a naturally occurring, is not
MINERAL man-made or machine-

S
generated, inorganic, is not a
byproduct of living things.
● Mineralogists use the criteria to
determine whether a material is
classified as a mineral or not.
 Characteristics 03. Homogeneous solid

of • minerals should have definite

Minerals
01. Naturally occurring
• a product of Earth’s natural
processes
02. Inorganic
• it must be a product of
Earth’s physical processes.
volume and rigid shape
04. Definite chemical composition
• represented by a chemical
formula
05. Orderly crystalline structure
• atoms of minerals are arranged in
an orderly and repeating pattern

2 Properties of
Minerals
01
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
• describe their characteristics
and behavior under various
physical conditions.
02
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• related to the composition of
the minerals and other
substances that make up the
rock. These properties provide
insight into the rock's
chemical makeup, reactivity,
and how it may interact with
its environment.
 01.
Physical COLOR
Properties of
Minerals • Is the most obvious
property of a mineral,
and it is often used in
identification.
 02.
STREAK

• refers to the color of

the fine powder of a
mineral, usually
obtained by rubbing the
mineral on an unglazed,
porcelain streak plate.
 03. HARDNESS

• The resistance of a
mineral to scratching,
controlled by the bond
strength between its
atoms.
04. CLEAVAGE

• the tendency of a rock to

break along certain planes
or directions due to the
alignment of mineral grains
 05. CRYSTAL HABIT

• Refers to the overall

shape or growth
Cubic pattern of the mineral
• Can be described as
equant, elongate, and
platy.

Fibrous
 06. LUSTER

• is the quality and

intensity of light reflected
from the surface of a
mineral.
07. FRACTURE 08. SPECIFIC GRAVITY

• the manner in • is the weight of the

which mineral substance relative to
`
breaks other than `
the weight of an
along planes of equal volume of
cleavage. water.
09. TENACITY Types of Tenacity

01. BRITTLENESS
• a mineral turns into
• describes the powder
`
minerals reaction
to stress.
02. MALLEABILITY
• a mineral can be flattened by
pounding with a hammer.
 Types of Tenacity
03. DUCTILITY
• A mineral can be
stretched into wire.
04. FLEXIBLE BUT
INELASTIC
• minerals are bent but they
remain in the new
position.
05. FLEXIBLE AND
ELASTIC
• Minerals are bent, and they
bring back to their original
position.
06. SECTILE
• Mineral’s ability to be
sliced by a knife
 • Geologists classify minerals
MINERAL CLASSES according to their chemical
AND THE ROCKS- elements. Although more than
3,500 minerals are known in
FORMING Earth’s crust, only a small
MINERALS number – between 50 and 100
– are common or valuable, and
only nine rocks forming
minerals make up most of the
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
crust. Seven of the rocks-
forming minerals are silicate
materials while the other two,
calcite and dolomite, are
carbonates.
 02. OXIDES

Classification of • minerals composed of oxygen

anion (O2 - ) combined with one or
minerals based on more metal ions.

their chemical 03. SULFATES

compositions
01. SILICATES
• minerals containing the two most
abundant elements in the Earth’s
crust, namely, silicon and oxygen.
• minerals containing sulfur and
oxygen in the form of the (SO4) -
anion
04. SULFIDES
• minerals containing sulfur and a
metal; some sulfides are sources of
economically important metals
such as copper, lead, and zinc.
 06. NATIVE ELEMENTS
Classification of • minerals that form as individual
minerals based on elements.
a. Metals and Intermetals – minerals
their chemical with high thermal and electrical
compositions conductivity, typically with metallic
luster, low hardness (gold, lead)
b. Semi-metals – minerals that are more
05. CARBONATES
fragile than metals and have lower
• minerals containing the carbonate
(CO3)2 - anion combined with conductivity (arsenic, bismuth)
other elements c. Nonmetals – nonconductive (sulfur,
diamond)
 07. HALIDES

• minerals containing halogen

Classification of elements combined with
one or more metals
minerals based on
their chemical
08. PHOSPHATES
compositions
• Often formed when other
minerals are broken down
by weathering and they are
often brightly colored
 09. MINERALOIDS
• The term used for those
substances that do not fit
Classification of into one of the eight classes
of minerals
minerals based on
their chemical Examples
1. Silicates - Feldspar
compositions 2.
3.
Oxides - Magnetite
Sulfates - Gypsum
4. Sulfides –Pyrite
5. Carbonates - Dolomite
6. Native elements
7. Halides – Halite/Table Salt
8. Phosphates - Apatite
 1. Construction and Infrastructure
2. Electronics and Technology
What is (are) 3. Energy Production
4. Manufacturing and Industry
the importance
5. Agriculture

of minerals in 6. Health and Medicine

7. Jewelry and Ornaments

our daily life? 8. Environmental Applications

9. Art and Culture
Group Activity: Mineral Name: List down at least 10
(minimum) minerals that we are using in
Performance Task our daily lives.
September 29, 2023 Picture of Mineral: Include a printed
CATALOG: picture or drawing of your chosen minerals.
• Construction Paper (Cut-outs)
• Glue Scientific Name: Include the mineral's
• Marker scientific or mineralogical name.
• Scissors Description: Provide a brief description of
• Make sure you have complete the mineral’s importance or where it is
materials. Submission within the being used. (Can be printed)
same day, no extension.
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