ME201

Materials and Metallurgical engineering

Lecture 12N13

By
B Santhi
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT-Goa
 Binary Eutectic Phase diagram – CU-Ag system
liquidous
Solidous L
Tm of Cu
1085

Eutectic
alloy
S1
TEMP L+s1 Tm of Ag
=961

L+s2 Solidous
Eutectic horizontal S2

E
779 Eutectic 779
S1+S2 temp
Solvus Eutectic
mixture 71.9 8.1 91.2
Or Micro
const 71.9
% COMPOSITION
Binary Eutectic Phase diagram – CU-Ag system

Upon varying the composition of

Binary system when cooling,
Development of microstructure
liquidous of Binary Eutectic system is not
Solidous
simple as like Isomorphous system

Different types of microstructure of

Eutectic/ isotherm line Binary eutectic system is possible

solvus
Development of microstructure of Binary Eutectic System – Eutectic composition(Eutectic alloy)

Eutectic microstructure is
lamellar (layered)/ alternate layer
due to the reduced diffusion distances
in the solid state

α+ β- Eutectic mixture / structure

Eutectic phase
Development of microstructure of Hypo Eutectic system – 40 % composition(Hypo Eutectic alloy)

Just above Eutectic temperature

α formed is called Primary /

Proeutectic α

Just below Eutectic Temperature

Proeutectic α+ Eutectuic mixture

Proeutectic phase
Eutectic microstructure is lamellar
(layered)
due to the reduced diffusion
distances
in the solid state
Development of microstructure of Binary Eutectic System – 4 % composition

Development of microstructure
of Binary Eutectic System
Upon cooling

α phase start forming

when crossing liquidus line

α solubility crosses then

β phase start forming
Found by drawing tie line just above TE
1. Fraction of Proeutectic α

= (71.9-40)/(71.9-8)= 0.499 (49.9%)

2. Fraction of Eutectic mixture (α+ β)

= 1- 0.499= 0.501 (50.1%)

Found by drawing tie line just below TE

3. Total α = (91.2-40)/(91.2-8)=0.615

4. Total β = 1- 0.615= 0.385

5. Total Eutectic α = 0.615- 0.499=0.116

Eutectoid transformation

• The term eutectoid means ‘eutectic-like’

i.e. the eutectoid reaction is similar to eutectic reaction
except that it features a solid to solid transformation
where one solid phase is converted into two solid phases upon cooling
Cooling
Solid Phase 1 -------- Solid Phase 2 + Solid Phase 3

• Example: Fe – C system undergoes eutectoid transformation

at 723C for a composition of 0.8wt. % carbon in iron
Peritectic reaction
• A peritectic reaction is also an invariant reaction where three phases (two solids and a liquid) coexist under
equilibrium conditions.

• It occurs in binary alloy systems whose melting points are significantly different where one of the solid
phases precipitates out of the liquid upon cooling and as the solidification proceeds further, the already
formed solid and the remaining liquid transforms into a new solid completely
at a specified temperature and pressure

• The term peritectic means ‘surrounded by’. It is so called because

the product phase (solid 2) will form at the boundary between the two reacting phases (liquid and solid 1)

Cooling
• Solid Phase 1 + liquid ----------- Solid Phase 2

• Example: Fe – C system undergoes peritectic reaction

at 1495 C for a composition of 0.16 wt. % carbon in iron.
Invariant reactions of Binary system
Try these

Check the hyper eutectic composition of Cu-Ag alloy @ 85% composition

Check the phase diagram of Peritectic, peritectoid, eutectoid reaction, etc.,

Determine the mass fraction of α and β,mass fraction of primary α and eutectic
micro constituent of Pb-Sn system of 40 % composition
Try these
Thank You