REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)

COLD VENT STACK FOUNDATION DESIGN

Fig. 7.1: Foundation Plan & Section

Materials
Concrete unit weight (density) wc = = 156 pcf 25 kN/m3
Maximum aggregate am = = 0.75 in 19 mm
Sec. 10.4, Concrete compressive strength f'c = = 4,000 psi 27.6 N/mm2
10481-BCL-AKSX-ST-
REP-0001 Reinforcement yield strength fy = = 60,870 psi 420 N/mm2
ACI 19.2.4.2 Modification factor (normal weight concrete) λ = = 1.0
ACI 19.2.2.1 Modulus of elasticity for concrete Ec = wc1.5*33*SQRT(f'c) = 4,076 ksi 28,105 MPa
ACI 20.2.2.2 Modulus of elasticity for steel Es = = 29,000 ksi 200,000 MPa
Poisson's ratio ν = = 0.2
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
A S D S uppor t R e act i ons LR F D S uppor t R e act i ons
N ode L/ C F x kN F y kN F z kN Mx kN m My kN m Mz kN m N ode L/ C F x kN F y kN F z kN Mx kN m My kN m Mz kN m
30 102: 1.0DL + 1.0LL 0.00 73.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30 201: 1.4DL 0.00 94.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
30 105: 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.75WL(X) 15.67 73.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 -120.92 30 206: 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.8WL(Z) 0.00 90.93 12.53 96.74 0.00 0.00
30 106: 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.75WL(Z) 0.00 73.78 15.67 120.92 0.00 0.00 30 205: 1.2DL + 1.6LL + 0.8WL(X) 12.53 90.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 -96.74
30 104: 1.0DL + 1.0WL(Z) 0.00 67.78 15.67 120.92 0.00 0.00 30 202: 1.2DL + 1.6LL 0.00 90.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
30 103: 1.0DL + 1.0WL(X) 15.67 67.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 -120.92 30 204: 1.2DL + 1.0LL + 1.6WL(Z) 0.00 87.33 25.07 193.48 0.00 0.00
30 101: 1.0DL 0.00 67.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30 203: 1.2DL + 1.0LL + 1.6WL(X) 25.07 87.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 -193.48

Column Pedestal Design

Pedestal sizing
Width of pedestal Bp = = 70.9 in 1,800 mm
Length of pedestal Lp = = 70.9 in 1,800 mm
Depth of pedestal hp = = 51.2 in 1,300 mm
Volume of column pedestal Vp = Bp x Lp x hp = 257,032.0 in3 4,212,000,000 mm3
Weight of pedestal Wp = Vped x wc = 23.7 kips 105.3 kN
Gross area of concrete section Ag = Bp x Lp = 5,022.0 in2 3,240,000 mm2
Ties for column pedestal # = = 4 #
Diameter of ties dt = = 0.50 in 12 mm
Main reinforcement for column pedestal # = = 8 #
Diameter of main reinforcement ds = = 1.00 in 25 mm
Main reinforcement spacing ratio γ = (h - 2dc - 2dt - ds)/h = 0.89 0.89
Kn = Pu/Ag = 0.02 ksi 155 kN/m2
Rn = Mu/AgLp = 0.00080
ACI 6.6.4.2 Reinforcement ratio ρ = = 0.010 1.0%
ACI 10.6.1.1 Minimum area of reinforcement required As,req = ρ x Ag = 50.2 in2 32,400 mm2
Number of bars n = = 66 No.
As,prov = n x ds = 51.8 in2 33,443 mm2
UC = 0.97 Rebar provision OK
Provide main reinforcement 66No - 8# bars 66No - 25mm bars
REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
ACI 25.4.2.3 Maximum spacing of tie rebar smax = 47 x dt = 23.5 in 564 mm
Minimum spacing of tie rebar smin = 16 x dt = 8.0 in 192 mm
Provide tie bar spacing s = = 10.0 in 250 mm
Concrete Base Design
Preliminary footing dimension
Minimum area of base required Af = Ntot/qa = 45.5 ft2 4.21 m2
Concrete base length (required) ℓ = √Af = 6.7 ft 2,053 mm
Adopt a square base of length ℓ = = 9.9 ft 3,000 mm
UC = 0.68 Preliminary base size OK
Base sizing
Width of base Bb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Length of base Lb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Thickness of base hb = = 19.7 in 500 mm
Volume of base Vb = Bb x Lb x hb = 274,606.8 in3 4,500,000,000 mm3
Weight of base Wb = Vb x wc = 25.3 kips 112.5 kN
Staad.PRO Reaction (ASD)
Maximum vertical reaction Fy = = 16.6 kips 73.8 kN
Maximum horizontal reaction (X) Fx = = 3.5 kips 15.7 kN
Maximum horizontal reaction (Z) Fz = = - kips - kN
Maximum moment (X) Mx = = - kip-ft - kNm
Maximum moment (Z) Mz = = 89.6 kip-ft 120.9 kNm
Staad.PRO Reaction (LRFD)
Maximum vertical reaction Fy = = 19.6 kips 87.3 kN
Maximum horizontal reaction (X) Fx = = 5.6 kips 25.1 kN
Maximum horizontal reaction (Z) Fz = = - kips - kN
Maximum moment (X) Mx = = - kip-ft - kNm
Maximum moment (Z) Mz = = 143.3 kip-ft 193.5 kNm
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Weight of soil
Width of base Bb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
10481-BCL-AKGE- Height of soil above top of base hs = hp - 300 = 39.4 in 1,000 mm
GT-REP-0024
Unit weight of soil (Zaria PS) γs = = 125 pcf 20.0 kN/m3
3
Volume of base Vs = [(Bb x Lb) x (Bp x Lp)] x hs = 351,496.8 in 5,760,000,000 mm3
Weight of soil on foundation base Ws = Vs x γs = 25.9 kips 115.2 kN
Surcharge

Sec. 9.1.11, 10481-

Minimum surcharge pressure Ls = = 10.0 kPa 10.0 kN/m2
2
BCL-AKSX-ST-REP- Area of concrete base Ab = Bb x Lb = 13,950.0 in 9.00 m2
0001
Surcharge load Ns = Ls x Ab = 20.3 kips 90.0 kN
Weight of base plate Wbp = = 1.1 kips 4.7 kN
Total axial load Ntot = Fy,ASD + Wb + Wp + Wbp + Ws + Ns = 112.8 kips 501.5 kN
Assume reinforcement diameter Ø = = 1.0 in 25 mm
ACI 20.6.1.3.1 Concrete cover dc = = 3.0 in 75 mm
Lever arm ℓa (hp + hb) - dc - Ø/2 = 67.4 in 1.7 m
Maximum resultant moment (Z) Mzz = Mz + Fx*ℓa = 109.4 kip-ft 147.8 kNm
Maximum resultant moment (X) Mxx = Mx + Fz*ℓa = - kip-ft - kNm
Bearing Pressures
10481-BCL-AKGE- = = 2,485 psf
GT-REP-0024
Allowable soil bearing pressure (Zaria PS) qa 119.0 kN/m2
= = 2.485 ksf
Width of base Bb = = 118.1 in 3.0 m
Length of base Lb = = 118.1 in 3.0 m
2 2
Maximum pressure p1 = Ns/BL + 6Mxx/BL + 6Mzz/B L = 88.6 kN/m2
2 2
Minimum pressure p2 = Ns/BL - 6Mxx/BL - 6Mzz/B L = 22.9 kN/m2
UC = 0.74 Bearing capacity OK
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Moment at Column Face
Factored design load qf = Fy,LRFD + Wb + Wp +Wbp + Ws + Ns = 115.9 kips 515.0 kN
Bearing pressure qp = qf/Ap = 1.2 ksf 57.3 kN/m2
2
Ultimate design moment (LRFD) Mu = qp*[(ℓ - c)/2] *b/2 = 23.6 kip-ft 31.9 kNm
ACI 22.2.2.4.1 Compressive force acting on a nodal zone C = 0.85f'cba
Tension force acting on a nodal zone T = Asfy
Set concrete compression force equal to the steel tension force at the
ACI 22.2.1.1 C=T
column face: C = T
Distance between neutral axis and fiber of max. compressive strain a = Asfy/0.85f'cb = 1.5 As
ACI 21.2.1(a) Moment strength reduction factor ɸ = = 0.9
ACI 8.5.1.1(a) ϕMn ≥ Mu ɸMn ≥ 0.9 x 60.9As (1.3 - 1.492As/2)
A = = 40.9
Solve quadratic equation to determine As,req B = = - 71.2
C = = 23.6
Area of reinforcement required As,req = [-B + SQRT(B2 - 4AC)]/2A = 2.0 in2 1,308 mm2
Number of bars n = = 20 No.
Bar size # = = 6 #
Reinforcement diameter Ø = = 0.75 in 20 mm
Area of reinforcement provided As,prov = Provide 20-#6 bars @6in (T&B) on 10ft base 15.0 in2 9,677 mm2
20No. 20mm bars at 150mm on 3,000mm base UC = 0.14 Footing rebar OK

Fig. 7.2: Rebar arrangement on Footing

REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Two-way Shear Design

Fig. 7.3: Critical section in punching shear

Footing width bw = ℓ = 9.90 ft 3000 mm
Base area of footing Ap = ℓxℓ = 98.0 ft2 9.11 m2
Ultimate soil bearing pressure qt = qu/Ap = 1.2 ksf 55.0 kN/m2

ACI 21.2.1(b) Shear reduction factor ɸ = = 0.75

ACI 22.5.1.1 Nominal shear strength Vn = Vc + Vs =
Assume Vs = 0, no shear reinforcement ∴ Vn = Vc
Assume footing thickness h = = 19.7 in 500 mm
With 20No - #6 bars in both directions:
Reinforcement diameter Ø = = 0.75 in 20 mm
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
15.6 in
Effective depth d = h - dc - Ø - Ø/2 = 395 mm
1.3 ft
ACI 22.5.5.1 Nominal shear strength provided by concrete, Vc = Vn = 2√(f'c)bwd = 234.5 kips 1,043.2 kN
ɸVn 175.9 kips 782.7 kN
Column pedestal width b = = 70.9 in 1,800 mm
Factored shear force at section Vu = (ℓ/2 - b/2 - d)*bwqp = 15.4 kips 68.3 kN
UC = 0.09 Two-way shear OK
ACI 7.5.1.1 Criteria: ϕVn ≥ Vu ɸVn > Vu ∴ Footing depth OK

Overturning Check
Width of base Bb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Length of base Lb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Width of pedestal Bp = = 70.9 in 1,800 mm
Length of pedestal Lp = = 70.9 in 1,800 mm
Height of soil above top of base hs = hp - 300 = 39.4 in 1,000 mm

Table 8, 10481- Criteria for overturning:

BCL-AKSX-ST-REP- 1.0 x Mrest ≥ FS x Mover
0001 Factor of safety against overturning FS = = 1.5
Take moment of all forces about Point A below:
REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)

T otal Ove r tur ning Mome nt, M o v e r

Ove r tur ning
De scr iption Action ( kN, kNm) F .S . Le ve r Ar m ( m)
Mome nt ( kNm)
Max. lateral force Fx = 15.67 1.5 L1 = 1.80 42.31
Max. moment Mz = 120.92 1.5 181.38
2 2 3 .6 9

T otal Re stor ing Mome nt, M r e s t

Ove r tur ning
De scr iption F or ce ( kN) F .S . Le ve r Ar m ( m)
Mome nt ( kNm)
Axial force (output) Fy = 73.78 1.0 L2 = 1.50 110.67
Wt. of pedestal Wp = 105.30 1.0 L2 = 1.50 157.95
Wt. of base Wb = 112.50 1.0 L2 = 1.50 168.75
Wt. of backfill 1 W1 = 36.00 1.0 L3 = 0.30 10.80
Wt. of backfill 2 W2 = 21.60 2.0 L2 = 0.30 12.96
Wt. of backfill 3 W3 = 36.00 1.0 L4 = 2.70 97.20
5 5 8 .3 3
Fig. 7.4: Overturning check
Total overturning moment Mover = = 165.7 kip-ft 223.69 kNm
Total restoring moment Mrest = = 413.6 kip-ft 558.33 kNm
UC = 0.40 Overturning OK
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Sliding Check
A S D S uppor t R e act i ons
N ode L/ C F x kN F y kN F z kN Mx kN m My kN m Mz kN m
30 102: 1.0DL + 1.0LL 0.00 73.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
30 105: 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.75WL(X) 15.67 73.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 -120.92
30 106: 1.0DL + 0.75LL + 0.75WL(Z) 0.00 73.78 15.67 120.92 0.00 0.00
30 104: 1.0DL + 1.0WL(Z) 0.00 67.78 15.67 120.92 0.00 0.00
30 103: 1.0DL + 1.0WL(X) 15.67 67.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 -120.92
30 101: 1.0DL 0.00 67.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Maximum vertical reaction Fy = = 16.6 kips 73.8 kN

Table 9, 10481- Maximum horizontal reaction

Fx,z = = 3.5 kips 15.7 kN
BCL-AKSX-ST-REP- Factor of safety against sliding FS = = 1.5
0001
Weight of column pedestal Wp = = 23.7 kips 105.3 kN
Weight of concrete base Wb = = 25.3 kips 112.5 kN
Total weight of foundation WT = = 49.0 kips 217.8 kN

De scr iption F or ce ( kN)

Axial force (output) Fy = 73.78

Wt. of pedestal Wp = 105.30
Wt. of base Wb = 112.50
Wt. of backfill 1 W1 = 36.00
Wt. of backfill 2 W2 = 21.60
Wt. of backfill 3 W3 = 36.00
3 8 5 .1 8

Total vertical load Wv = = 86.7 kips 385.2 kN

Angle of internal friction φ = = 7.0 deg
Tan φ = = 0.12
Sliding resistance force FR = Wv * Tan φ = 47.3 kN
Fx,z * FS = 23.5 kN
UC = 0.50 Sliding OK
Uplift Check
The minimum ground water depth is 3.65 m above grade level, hence, no buoyancy effect envisaged on the foundation.
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Settlement Check
Immediate Settlement
Width of base Bb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Length of base Lb = = 118.1 in 3,000 mm
Influence depth of stratum H = 2 x Bb = 236.2 in 6,000 mm

Fig. 7.5: Influence depth of stratum

Influence level Li = hs + h + H = 295.3 in 7,500 mm
Table 5, 10481-BCL- Influence level falls within Sandy Silty Clay
AKGE-GT-REP-0024 stratum
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Effective width of foundation B'b = Bb/2 = 59.1 in 1,500 mm
Ratio N = H/B'b = 4.0
M = Lb/Bb = 1.0

Table 5-2,
Foundation
Analysis & Design,
Bowles, 5th Ed.

I1 = = 0.408 = 0.408
Influence factors Table 5-2, Bowles
I2 = = 0.037 = 0.037
Poisson's Ratio μ = = 0.3 = 0.3
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Foundation depth D = hs + h = 59.1 = 1,500 mm

Fig. 7.6: Depth ratio

Depth ratio D/B = 0.5 = 0.5

Fig. 5-7,
Foundation
Analysis & Design,
Bowles, 5th Ed.

Fig. 7.7: Influence factor

Influence factor If = Fig. 5-7, Bowles = 0.775
 REFERENCE COMPUTATION OUTPUT (imperial) OUTPUT (metric)
Maximum pressure qn = Ns/BL + 6Mxx/BL2 + 6Mzz/B2L = 88.6 kN/m2
Undrained modulus of soil Eu = = 19,000 kN/m2
2
Immediate settlement Se = qn x B x (1 - μ ) x If/Eu = = 9.86 mm

Consolidation Settlement
Sec. 10.6.2, 10481- Modulus of volume compressibility Mv = = 6.14E-05 m2/kN
BCL-AKGE-GT-REP-
0024 Vertical effective stress applied to the soil layer dp = = 111 kN/m2
Thickness of layer considered Hs = = 1.0 m
Consolidation settlement Sc = Mv x dp x Hs = 6.82 mm

Total Settlement
Total settlement St = Se + Sc = 16.68 mm
Allowable settlement Sall = = 25.00 mm
UC = 0.67 Settlement OK