Laser Communications

By: Avyakth S
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Why LASER?
3. Principles and working of
LASER
4. Types of LASER’s
5. Block diagram of LASER
communication
6. LASER Transmitter
7. LASER Receiver
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages
10. Applications
11. Conclusion
12. References
Introduction:

LASER - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

 Laser communications systems are wireless connections through

the atmosphere.

 They work similarly to fiber optic links, except the beam is

transmitted through free space.

 While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-

sight conditions, they have the benefit of eliminating the
need for broadcast rights and buried cables.
Why LASER?

Optical Fiber Link

Direct Laser Link

Principles and working
of LASER:

1. Absorption

2. Spontaneous emission

3. Pumping and population inversion

4. Stimulated emission of laser

ABSORPTION SPONTANEOUS EMMISSION

PUMPING AND
STIMULATED
POPULATION INVERSION
EMISSION
Types of LASERS:
• Solid-State Laser: Ruby Laser, Color Center Laser,
nd:YAG Laser

• Gas Laser: He-Ne Laser, CO2 Laser

• Liquid Laser: Dye Laser

• Semiconductor Laser: Hetero Junction Laser, Homo Junction

Laser
Ruby Laser ND:YAG
Solid Laser:
Gas Lazer:

CO2 Laser

He-Ne Laser
Liquid Laser:
Semiconductor Laser:

Homo Junction Laser Hetero Junction Laser

Block Diagram of Laser
Communication
Laser Transmitter

• The Transmitter involves a signal processing circuit and a

laser diode.

• A laser diode is used to create the laser signal.

• Laser Diodes include Photodiodes for feedback to insure

consistent output.
Laser Receiver:

• The receiver involves the laser detector and signal amplifying

circuit.
• The LASER detectors may be:
PIN diodes
Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD)
Single or multiple detectors
Advantages:

• Ease of deployment
• Can be used to power devices
• License-free long-range operation
• High bit rates
• Immunity to electromagnetic interference
• Full duplex operation
• Increased security when working with narrow beam(s)
• No Fresnel zone necessary
Disadvantages:

• Beam dispersion
• Atmospheric absorption
• Rain
• Fog
• Snow
• Scintillation
• Interference from background light sources (including the Sun)
• Pointing stability in wind
• Pollution / smog
 Applications:

Space Communication

Free Space Optical Communication

Other applications are:
• Defense and Sensitive Areas
• Airport Runways
• Digital data transmission
• Medicine
Conclusion:

LASER can be visible or

invisible, where visible laser could
destroy everything and invisible
laser could create anything.
THANK YOU!!!