C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.

1 Development of the periodic table

Aiming for Grade 4 Aiming for Grade 6 Aiming for Grade 8

State and describe the three significant models for How are elements arranged in groups in the periodic
John Dalton proposed the first periodic table. How
ordering of the elements. table?
were the elements ordered?
1.

How are elements arranged in periods in the periodic

2. table?

John Newlands list was similar but why did he

propose the “law of octaves”?
3.

Mendeleev’s periodic table has many advantages over

the previous models.

In the modern periodic table, how are elements Explain why they are improvements on the previous
ordered?
models.
• Predicting the properties of new elements
Mendeleev also listed the elements in order of
atomic mass but how and why did Mendeleev order
the elements differently to Newlands?

• Elements with similar properties are grouped

• Elements are numbered in order of proton number

Assessment Assessment
Grade 4 Grade 6
1. I can list the significant models for ordering the 1. I can describe how the elements are arranged in
Assessment
elements. Grade 8
groups and periods in the periodic table.
2. I can state how the elements are ordered in the 1. I can explain how and why the ordering of the
2. I can explain why the periodic table was a
periodic table. elements has changed over time.
breakthrough in how to order elements.
C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.2 Electronic structures and the periodic table
Aiming for Grade 4 Aiming for Grade 6
Describe what a group and a period is on the periodic How does the electronic structure make metals
table. reactive?
A group is…
How does the electronic structure make non-metals
react?
A period is…
Where are metals and non-metals arranged on the
periodic table?
Explain how the group number is linked to the electronic
What are the “noble gases” and why are they special? structure of an element
Explain why noble gases are unreactive
Assessment
Grade 6
Assessment 1. I can describe how the electronic structure of metals
Grade 4 and non-metals are different.
1. I can define a group and period in the periodic table. 2. I can explain in terms of electronic structure how
2. I can describe how electronic structure is linked to the the elements are arranged in the periodic table.
periodic table. 3. I can explain why the noble gases are unreactive and
3. I can state that noble gases are unreactive. the trend in their boiling points.
Aiming for Grade 8
The alkali metals (group 1 elements) are the most
reactive elements. Explain why they are more reactive
than group 2.
Group 7 are more reactive than Group 6. Explain why.
Group these elements with the most similar
properties?
Na, Mg, S, Cl, Li, K, Br, Ar, O, Ne, He
Explain why each group has similar properties.
Assessment
Grade 8
1. I can explain how the electronic structure of
metals and non-metals affects their reactivity.
2. I can use the periodic table to make predictions
about the electronic structure and reactions of
elements.
3. I can predict the electronic structure of stable
ions for the first 20 elements.
 C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.3 Group 1 – the alkali metals
Aiming for Grade 4
Name the first three elements in Group 1 and state their
chemical symbol.
What does the picture show and what property of alkali
metals does it explain?
How are alkali metals stored? Why?
Write word equations for the following reactions.
Sodium and water react to make a hydroxide and a gas.
Potassium and water react to make another hydroxide
and the same gas.
Assessment
Grade 4
1. I can name the first three elements in Group 1.
2. I can describe the Group 1 metals as having low
densities.
3. I can write word equations from descriptions of how
Group 1 metals react with water.
Aiming for Grade 6 Aiming for Grade 8
The table shows some properties of the alkali metals in Write balanced symbol equations for the following
order of atomic number
Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Na + H2 O → NaOH + H2
Potassium + Oxygen → Potassium Oxide
What trends are there in their properties?
K + O2 → K 20
Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium Chloride
Na + Cl2 → NaCl
Why do the elements in group 1 react similarly?
Group 1 metals become ions. How do their electronic
configuration change and what sort of ion do they
Why do lithium, sodium and potassium float on water? become?
When group 1 metals react with water they produce a
metal hydroxide. How can you test this? What safety precautions must be taken when dealing
with the storage and reactions of alkali metals?
How could you test that hydrogen gas is given off?
Assessment
Grade 6
Assessment
Grade 8
1. I can recognise trends in supplied data.
1. I can illustrate the reactions of Group 1 metals with
2. I can explain why the elements in Group 1 react
similarly and why the first three elements float on balanced symbol equations..
2. I can explain how Group 1 metals form ions with a +1
water.
3. I can describe how you can show that hydrogen and charge when they react with non-metals.
3. I can justify how Group 1 metals are stored and the
metal hydroxides are made when Group 1 metals
safety precautions used when dealing with them.
react with water.
 C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.4 Group 7 – the halogens
Aiming for Grade 4
Name the first four elements in Group 7 and state their
chemical symbol.
A __________ ___________halogen will displace a
________ ____________ halogen from solutions of its
salts.
For example Chlorine dissolved in water mixed with
potassium bromide will make ___________
___________ and leave ____________ in solution.
Chlorine makes a _________ ____________ solution
Bromine make a ___________ solution
Iodine makes a ______ _____/__________ solution
Dark red, yellow, pale green, brown, chloride, more
reactive, bromine, less reactive, potassium
Describe the following properties of Halogens
Melting and boiling points
Conductivity of heat and electricity
Diatomic molecules
Reactivity
Assessment
Grade 4
1. I can name the first four elements in Group 7.
2. I can recognise a halogen displacement reaction.
3. I can describe the main properties of halogens.
Aiming for Grade 6 Aiming for Grade 8
The table shows some properties of the halogens in Write balanced symbol equations for the following
order of atomic number
Fluorine + Hydrogen → Hydrogen Fluoride
F2 + H2 → HF
Chlorine + potassium → potassium chloride + bromine
bromide
What trends are there in their properties?
Cl2 + KBr → KCl + Br
Group 7 halogens become ions. How do their electronic
configuration change and what sort of ion do they
Why do the elements in group 7 react similarly? become?
What steps would you take to complete a halogen
displacement reaction? How could you use displacement reactions to compare the
reactivity of group 7 elements?
What happens in the reactions?
Assessment
Assessment Grade 8
Grade 6 1. I can illustrate the reactions of Group 7 metals
1. I can recognise trends in supplied data. with balanced symbol equations.
2. I can explain why the elements in Group 7 react 2. I can explain how Group 7 non-metals form ions with
similarly. a −1 charge when they react with metals..
3. I can explain how to complete a halogen displacement 3. I can explain in detail how to compare the reactivity
reaction and explain what happens in the reaction. of the Group 7 elements.
 C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.5 Explaining trends
Aiming for Grade 4 Aiming for Grade 6 Aiming for Grade 8

Compare the reactivity of group 1 and group 7 What three factors affect the reactivity of elements
elements in group 1 and group 7?

1.
Thinking about the electronic structure, why do Group
1 elements become more reactive down the group?
2.

3.

In group 7, as you go down the group, why is it harder

for the atom to gain an electron?

Thinking about the electronic structure, why do Group

7 elements become less reactive down the group?
In group 1, as you go down the group, why is it easier
for the atom to lose an electron?

Use evidence of reactivity in group 1 and group 7 to

Why do electrons on the outer shell have a different predict how group 2 and group 6 elements will react
level of attraction to the nucleus compared with inner
electrons?

Assessment
Grade 6
1. I can explain how electronic structure affects the
Assessment
Grade 4 trend in reactivity of Group 1 and Group 7 elements.
2. I can use the nuclear model to explain how the outer
1. I can state the trend in reactivity in Group 1..
2. I can state the trend in reactivity in Group 7. electrons experience different levels of attraction to
the nucleus.
Assessment
Grade 8
1. I can use electronic structure to explain the trends
in physical and chemical properties of Group 1 and
Group 7 elements.
2. I can apply knowledge of reactivity of Groups 1 and
7 to suggest and explain the trend in reactivity of
Group 2 and 6.
 C2 – THE PERIODIC TABLE 2.6 The transition metals
GCSE Chemistry Aiming for Grade 4 GCSE Chemistry Aiming for Grade 6 GCSE Chemistry Aiming for Grade 8

Why is copper used for electric wiring?

Where are the transition metals on the periodic table? Compared to Group 1 metals how do the following
properties compare?

Density
Steel is made from Iron and Carbon. Why is it used to
Give the names of five transition metals
make girders on bridges?

Melting point
Titanium is used for aircraft engine parts. Explain why.
List the physical properties of the transition metals

1. Boiling point

2.

3. Hardness
State the colours of the compounds formed with the
4. ions of transition metals.

5. Copper sulphate ______________ due to ________

Strength
ions

Nickel Carbonate _____________ due to _______

ions

Why is mercury not typical as a transition metal? Give the names of the following transition metal Chromium oxide _____________ due to ________ ions
compounds.
Manganese Chloride ___________ due to _______ ions
Fe2O3 CuO
Compared with Group 1 elements, why do transition
metals have different properties, such as reactivity
NiCO3 AgNO3

Assessment Assessment
Assessment Grade 6 Grade 8
Grade 4
1. I can describe how the properties of Group 1 metals 1. I can justify the use of a transition metal or its
1. I can list the typical properties of transition metals
compare with transition metals. compound in terms of its chemical properties.
and their compounds.
2. I can interpret the formula and names of familiar 2. I can suggest why Group 1 metals have different
2. I can explain why mercury is not a typical transition
transition metal compounds. properties compared to transition metals.
element.