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03-Time-Domain Analysis of LTI Systems
03-Time-Domain Analysis of LTI Systems
Chapter Two
Time-Domain Analysis of LTI Systems
Time-Domain Analysis of LTI Systems
Outline
Introduction
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Introduction
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Impulse Response of LTI Systems
(t ) h(t ) h(t ) T [ (t )]
If the system is time-invariant, then we have:
h(t ) T [ (t )] h(t ) T [ (t )
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The Convolution Integral
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The Convolution Integral……
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The Convolution Integral……
iii.Distributive property
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The Convolution Integral……
Exercise:
t , 0t2 1 , 0t4
b. x(t ) and h(t )
0 , otherwise 0 , otherwise
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Properties of LTI Systems……
Past and present values of the input, x(t), x(t-1), x(t-2),…., are
associated with indices τ ≥ 0 in the convolution integral.
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Properties of LTI Systems……
h(t ) 0 for t 0
For a causal continuous-time LTI system, the convolution
integral can be expressed as:
y (t ) h( ) x(t )d
0
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Properties of LTI Systems……
Taking
y (t ) the
hmagnitude
(t ) * x(t ) of bothh(sides,
) x(t we
get:
)d
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Properties of LTI Systems……
Exercise:
b. h(t ) e 2t u (3 t )
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Step Response of LTI Systems
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Step Response of LTI Systems……
Exercise:
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Solving Differential Equations
The general form of an Nth order linear constant-coefficient
differential equation is given by:
N
dk M
dk
k 0
a k k y (t ) bk k x(t )
dt k 0 dt
N
dk M
dk
y (t ) a k k y (t ) bk k x(t ) , a0 1
k 1 dt k 0 dt
dk
N M
dk
y (t ) a k k y (t ) bk k x(t )
k 1 dt k 0 dt
where :
y (t ) y h (t ) y p (t )
Homogeneous Particular
Solution Solution
Homogeneous Solution:
where :
A is an arbitrary constant
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Solving Differential Equations……
dk
0
N
k 0
a k
dt k
Ae rt
Ae rt a 0 a1 r ...... a N 1 r N 1 a N r N 0
a N r N a N 1 r N 1 ......a1 r a 0 0
i m 1
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Solving Differential Equations……
Particular Solution:
The particular solution is the response of the system to the input
x(t) assuming zero initial conditions.
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Solving Differential Equations……
The following table gives some forms of the input signal x(t)
and corresponding forms the particular solution yp(t).
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Solving Differential Equations……
iii. Find the total solution by adding yh(t) and yp(t), i.e.,
y (t ) y h (t ) y p (t )
Exercise:
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Exercise
h(t ) e 3t u (2 t )
Determine the output y(t) of the system using the convolution
integral if the input x(t) is:
t
a. x(t ) u (t 2) u (t 6) c. x(t ) e
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Exercise……
2. Determine whether the LTI systems with the following impulse responses are
memoryless/memory, causal/non-causal and BIBO stable/unstable.
t
a. h(t ) e 2t u (t ) c. h(t ) e
3. Determine the unit step response of a continuous-time LTI system with impulse
response given by:
b. h(t ) u (t 2) u (t 2) d . h(t ) e 2t u (3 t )
h(t ) t 2 [u (t ) u (t 10)]
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Exercise……
4. Consider a continuous-time system described by the linear constant-coefficient
differential equation:
d2 d d
2
y (t ) 5 y (t ) 4 y (t ) x(t )
Determine dt
the homogeneousdtsolution yh(t), the particular
dt solution yp(t) and the total
solution y(t) of the given equation for the following inputs and initial conditions.