A presentation from

Team Leader : Hafiza Ayesha

Co - Leader : Usman Ahmad
Members
Hareem Younas
Sheikh Rayyan
Asad Ullah Shahid
Areeba Saeed

To

Sir Hassan Jahangir

Derivatives
 History of derivates

 Sir Issac Newton in and G.W Leibniz independently developed

calculus to address problems related to motion, change, and
rates of quantities. One fundamental problem that motivated
the development of derivatives was the determination of
instantaneous velocity. Traditional geometry and algebra
struggled to handle changing quantities at specific points in Sir Issac Newton G.W Leibniz
time. To solve this problem, mathematicians introduced the in (1643 -1727) (1646 - 1716)
concept of derivatives, enabling them to calculate velocities at
precise moments and understand the dynamic nature of
motion.
What is derivates ?

 A Fundamentals tools of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of

functions output with respect to its input .

 The derivative became a powerful tool for solving real-world problems in

physics, engineering, economics, and various scientific disciplines. Today, the
historical quest to solve problems related to motion and change has evolved
into a comprehensive mathematical framework, with derivatives playing a
central role in understanding and modeling dynamic phenomena.
Techniques of derivatives

 Power Rule
 Product Rule
 Chain Rule
 Quotient Rule
 Implicit Differentiation
 Logarithm Differentiation
 Derivatives Of Trigonometric Function
Power rules

 The power rule in calculus is a fairly simple rule that helps you find the
derivative of a variable raised to a power, such as: x^5, 2x^8
 All you do is take the exponent, multiply it by the coefficient (the number in
front of the x), and decrease the exponent by 1.

Formula
 Product Rule

 According to the product rule, the derivative of a product of two differentiable

functions is equal to the sum of the product of the second function with
differentiation of the first function plus the product of the second function with
differentiation of the first function , the product of the differentiation of the first
and second functions.
Formula
What is Chain Rule?

 The rule applied for finding the derivative of the composite function (e.g. cos
2x, log 2x, etc.) is basically known as the chain rule. It is also called the
composite function rule. The chain rule is applicable only for composite
functions. So before starting the formula of the chain rule, let us understand the
meaning of composite function and how it can be differentiated.
 The formula of chain rule for the function y = f(x), where f(x) is a composite
function such that x = g(t), is given
 Quotient Rule

 In Calculus, a Quotient rule is similar to the product rule. A Quotient Rule is

stated as the ratio of the quantity of the denominator times the derivative of
the numerator function minus the numerator times the derivative of the
denominator function to the square of the denominator function. In short, the
quotient rule is a way of differentiating the division of functions or the
quotients. This is also known as the quotient rule differentiation in math’s.
 Formula
 Definition of Natural Log

 A natural logarithm can be

referred to as the power to
which the base 'e' that has
to be raised to obtain a
number called its log
number. Here e is the
exponential function.
Exponential Function

 An exponential function is a mathematical function of the form f(x) = a * b ^ x,

where "a" and "b" are constants, and "b" is the base of the exponent. The
variable "x" represents the exponent, and the function exhibits exponential
growth or decay depending on whether the base "b" is greater than 1 (growth)
or between 0 and 1 (decay). The exponential function is a fundamental concept
in mathematics and has wide-ranging applications in various fields.
 Here are some common characteristics and applications of exponential
functions
Characteristics And Applications Of Exponential Functions

 Exponential Growth
If the base "b" is greater than 1, the function exhibits exponential growth . The
larger the value of "b," the faster the growth.
Example: Population growth, compound interest, bacterial growth, and investment
growth.
 Exponential Decay
If the base "b" is between 0 and 1, the function exhibits exponential decay. The
closer "b" is to 1, the slower the decay.
Example: Radioactive decay, cooling of a hot object, diminishing natural resources.
 Characteristics And Applications Of Exponential Functions

 Compound Interest
Compound interest is a common application of exponential growth. The amount of
money in an account grows exponentially over time when interest is compounded
periodically.
 Population Growth
The growth of populations, whether it's the human population or the population of
a species, can often be modeled using exponential functions.
 Radioactive Decay
The decay of radioactive substances follows an exponential decay model. The
amount of a radioactive substance decreases exponentially over time.
Differentiation Of Trigonometric Functions

 The differentiation of trigonometric functions is the mathematical process of

finding the derivative of a trigonometric function, or its rate of change with
respect to a variable. For example, the derivative of the sine function is written
sin′(a) = cos(a), meaning that the rate of change of sin(x) at a particular angle
x = a is given by the cosine of that angle.

 All derivatives of circular trigonometric functions can be found from those of

sin(x) and cos(x) by means of the quotient rule applied to functions such as
tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x)
Differentiation Of Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation Of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 The inverse trigonometric functions are functions that "undo" the actions of their
corresponding trigonometric functions. They are used to find angles given certain
trigonometric ratios.

 These derivatives are helpful in calculus when dealing with functions involving
inverse trigonometric functions, especially when finding rates of change or slopes
and for solving problems involving angles and trigonometric ratios. Here are the
main inverse trigonometric functions.
Differentiation Of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Higher Order Derivatives

 Because the derivative of a function y = f( x) is itself a

function y′ = f′( x), you can take the derivative of f′( x),
which is generally referred to as the second derivative of
f(x) and written f“( x) or f 2( x). This differentiation process
can be continued to find the third, fourth, and successive
derivatives of f( x), which are called higher order
derivatives of f( x). Because the “prime” notation for
derivatives would eventually become somewhat messy, it is
preferable to use the numerical notation f( n )( x) = y( n ) to
denote the nth derivative of f( x).
Higher Order Derivatives
Increasing and Decreasing Functions

 Increasing and decreasing functions are

functions in calculus for which the value of f(x)
increases and decreases respectively with the
increase in the value of x. The derivative of the
function f(x) is used to check the behavior of
increasing and decreasing functions. The
function is said to be increasing if the value of
f(x) increases with an increase in the value of x
and the function is said to be decreasing if the
value of f(x) decreases with an increase in the
value of x.
 Implicit or Explicit Function

 Implicit function is a function defined for differentiation of functions

containing the variables, which cannot be easily expressed in the form of y =
f(x). The function of the form g(x, y)=0 or an equation, x2 + y2+ 4xy + 25 = 0 is
an example of implicit function, where the dependent variable 'y' and the
independent variable 'x' cannot be easily segregated to represent it as a
function of the form y = f(x).
 An explicit function is an algebraic function where the dependent variable can be
explicitly expressed in terms of the independent variable. In simple words, we can
say that explicit function is a function that is expressed more clearly and can be
easily understood. In an explicit function, the input variable and out variable are
separated by an equality sign '=' and hence, are on two different sides of the
equal to sign. We can easily determine the dependent variable's value easily using
the explicit function by simply inserting the value of the input in the function
Application of derivatives in real life

 Derivatives are useful in many fields including not only math's but also physics
and engineering.
 To calculate the profit and loss in business using graphs .
 To determine the speed or distance covered such as miles per hour, kilometers
per hour etc.
 In medicines, derivatives are used to model the rate of diffusion of drugs in the
body and to understand physiological process involving rates of changes.
 In seismology, derivatives make it possible for scientists to determine the range
of magnitude of an earthquake
 Application of derivatives in real life

 In biology, by using the concept of derivatives scientists can forecast the growth rate of a virus.
 In chemistry, derivatives finds extensive usage across different aspects of chemistry.
 In physics, derivatives are utilized to drive numerous equation.
 ln sports, derivatives are used to analyze player performance, optimize training routines and
predict outcomes.
 ln computer science, derivatives are used in algorithm, machine learning and image processing.
 To monitor temperature changes
 Consider a car's position with respect to time. The derivative of this position function would give
the car's instantaneous velocity, offering insight into its speed at any given moment—a practical
application of derivatives in understanding motion in everyday scenarios.
Conclusion

 It provide a valuable information about

how a function behaves locally , helping
to analyze slopes, velocity and other
dynamics aspects of mathematical
relationships .
 Derivatives are going popularity day by
day and are used successfully through
out the world , these are providing
substitute for other system. These are
providing edge open position in cash and
future markets.