Aviation History and

Multilateral Agreements

RESOURCE PERSON: Mr. SUBJECT: Introduction to

M. Nawaz gill Aviation (AS101)

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM)
 Aviation History and Multilateral Agreements

Reference CLO
CLO (2): Discuss the working of various professions, the
essentials of aviation industry, its allied components,
regulatory frameworks and professional bodies working
locally and internationally to facilitate orderly flow of air
transportation

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 2
 Aviation History and Multilateral Agreements

TOPICS COVERED

1. The Origins of Aviation

2. 1919 Paris Convention

3. 1928 Havana Convention

4. 1944 Chicago Convention

5. Freedoms of the Air

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 3
The Origins of Aviation

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 4
 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

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 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

He jumped off a cliff and glided in the air for 10 minutes.

(810 – 887 A.D)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gx5OdXDALc

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 6
 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

In Greek mythology, Icarus was the son of the master craftsman

Daedalus. Icarus and Daedalus are imprisoned in an island and
attempted to escape using wings Daedalus had constructed from
feathers and wax

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

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 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

Leonardo da Vinci's Flying Machines

Ornithopter The Helical Air Screw Parachute

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0_htkvCVpE

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

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 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

Flying Failures From Early History

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8wxnoEkug 9
 The Origins of Aviation

Early History of Aviation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kjRL-Q-KBc

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 The Origins of Aviation

World War I World War II

1914 – 1918 1939 – 1945

World Wars

Dramatic increase in the use of aircraft for

reconnaissance, bombing and air-to-air
combat

Development of Aviation

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 The Origins of Aviation

World Wars
World War I
1914 – 1918

In 1914, the
British Air
Services had 272
airplanes, but by
1918, it rose to
22,000. Production
rose from 50 per
month in first year
of the war to 2,700
per month by
1918

Sopwith Aircraft Factory 1918

Development of Aviation 12
 The Origins of Aviation

World Wars
World War I
1914 – 1918

After the war, surplus of trained pilots and

aircraft were used for air shows, flight training
businesses, chartered passenger services, aerial
surveying, firefighting and advertising

Development of Aviation
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 The Origins of Aviation

World Wars
World War I
1914 – 1918

KLM from Netherlands – 1919

Iberia from
Spain – 1927
Czech Airlines from
Czechoslovakia – 1923
Avianca from Colombia – 1919

Lufthansa from Germany – 1926

Pan American World

Qantas from Australia – 1920
Airways from US– 1927

Development of Aviation 14
 The Origins of Aviation

World Wars
World War II
1939 – 1945

Size of the US military aviation, from about

2,500 airplanes in 1939 to nearly 300,000 by the
war’s end in 1945

Development of Aviation
University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore
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1919 Paris Convention

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 16
 1919 Paris Convention
After World War I
Paris Peace Conference
Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation
(Signed by 37 States on 13 October 1919)

43 Legal Articles International

(Outlining the agreements on
technical, operational, and Commission for Air
organizational aspects of civil Navigation (ICAN)
aviation) (Responsible for managing and
creating new aviation
regulations as necessary)
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1928 Havana Convention

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

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 1928 Havana Convention

To Establish a Foundation of International Cooperation Specific to America

Havana Convention
(Signed by 11 countries on 20 February 1928)

It applied to civil aircraft (excluding

government/military aircraft) and established that
every State had exclusive authority to the airspace
above its land and connected territorial waters.

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

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 1928 Havana Convention

No uniform technical It led to confusion as after

standards were Paris and Havana, two
included separate sets of rules were
created.

Weaknesses of
Havana Convention
Aircraft regulation was No permanent organization
completely under the laws was established to manage or
of each country create new regulations

No provisions were
made for annexes
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1944 Chicago Convention

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 21
 1944 Chicago Convention

Problem with Paris and

Havana Conventions

1. These conventions were not focused on

aviation in true sense.

2. There were about 50 States involved in

aviation, the Paris Convention’s ICAN
represented 33 of them and the Havana
Convention was endorsed by 11.

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 1944 Chicago Convention

US invited 53 governments to an international civil

aviation conference.

Chicago Convention

Held on Nov 1, 1944, Lasted for 37 days and 52 countries

attended it.

Convention on International Civil Aviation

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

23
 1944 Chicago Convention

To defined universal rules

associated with sovereignty of
airspace, navigation, aircraft
airworthiness and
registration.

Primary Objective

To ensure air transportation To provide global standards

in a safe and orderly manner and recommended practices
that was economically sound (SARPs) for operational
and offered countries equal harmonization between
opportunities States

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 24
Freedoms of the Air

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 25
 Freedoms of the Air

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 26
 Freedoms of the Air

A Recent Case – Revoking Freedom of Air

https://www.flightradar24.com/

University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore

Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM) 27
 Aviation History and
Multilateral Agreements

Thank You
Questions
University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore
Institute of Aviation Studies (IAS), BS Aviation Management (BS.AM)