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LESSON 8:
ANALYSIS,
INTERPRETATION, AND
USE OF TEST DATA
 O
At the end of the lesson, students can:
B
1 calculate the mean, median, and mode of test
scores from a given set of test scores;
J
E
Write a general statement of interpretation from C
2 computed mean, median, and mode of test data and the
relationship of the three measures and shape the
skewness of the test distribution of scores; and
T
I
Identify the level of measurement for Explain V
3 in a statement a given variable.
E
S
 What are
measures of The word "measures of central
tendency" means the central location
central tendency? or point of convergence of a set of
values. Test scores have a tendency to
converge at a central value. This value
is the average of the set of scores.
Three commonly used measures of
central tendency or measures of
central location are the mean, the
median, and the mode.
 This is the most preferred measure of
Mean. central tendency for use with test
scores, also referred to as the
arithmetic mean.
Example:
When a student has added up the
examination scores he/she made in a
subject during the grading period and
divided it by the number of
examinations taken, then he/she has
computed the arithmetic mean.
Mean formula
Where:

- mean

- sum of all the scores

- the number of score in the set

Example:
Example:
 Median is the value that divides the ranked score
Median. into halves, or the middle value of the ranked
scores. If the number of scores is odd, then there is
only one middle value that gives the median.
However, if the number of scores in the set is an
even number, then there are two middle values. In
this case, the median is the average of these two
middle values. But if there are more than 50 scores,
arranging the scores and finding the middle value
will take time. The scientific calculator will not give
you the median. Again, statistical software can do
this for you with simple steps similar to finding the
mean.
 1. On the menu bar click on Analyze, then Descriptive Statistic, then Frequencies. This opens the
Frequencies dialog box.

2. Click on the desired variable name in the left box. In the dataset, let us consider the test scores also
in Table 8.1. Move your cursor to Statistics and the Frequency Statistics box will pop out. Click
Median.

3. You will also see that you can use the same process in finding Earlier, we opted to use the
Descriptives instead of the Frequence Continue. Then press OK.
Applying the formula:

1. You need a column for cumulative frequency. This is

now shown on the S column for data in Table 8.2
2. Determine, which is one-half of number of scores of
examinees
3. Find the class interval of the 50th score. In this case
where there are 100 scores, the 50th score is in the class
interval of 45-95. This class interval of 45-95 becomes the
median class. We marked lines in the table to indicate
where the median class is located for easy reference when
computing the median value.
4. Find the exact limits of the median class. In this case,
class 44.5-49.5. The lower limit then is 44.5

Summing up these steps as indicated in the formula:

 Mode.
• Mode is the easiest measure
of central tendency to
obtain. It is the score or
value with the highest
frequency in the set of
scores. If the scores are
arranged in a frequency
distribution, the mode is
estimated as the midpoint
of the class interval which
has the highest frequency.
• This class interval with the highest
frequency is also called the modal class.
In a graphical representation of the
frequency distribution, the mode is the
value in the horizontal axis at which the
curve is at its highest point. If there are
two highest points, then, there are two
modes, as earlier discussed in Lesson 7.
• When all the scores in a group have the
same frequency, the group of scores has
no mode.
THANK
YOU !