THE MUSCULAR

SYSTEM
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The muscular system is a set of tissues in the

body with the ability to change shape. Muscle
cells connect together and eventually element
of the skeletal system. When the muscle cells
contract, force is created as the muscles pull
against the skeleton.
 MUSCULAR SYSTEM STRUCTURE

The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called

muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility.
Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels,
are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is
the result of muscle contraction. Exceptions to this are the action
of cilia, the flagellum on sperm cells, and amoeboid movement of
some white blood cells.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM STRUCTURE
TYPES OF MUSCLES

Three Types Muscles

 VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

This is the weakest muscles tissue, which found inside the

human organs like stomach, intestines and blood vessels.
(Digestive System and Respiratory Systems)

TECH REQUIREMENTS
 VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

TECH REQUIREMENTS
 VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
FUNCTION
Makes organs contract to move substances through the organs controlled by the
unconscious part of the brain, known as involuntary muscle that cannot be directly controlled by
the conscious mind.

TECH REQUIREMENTS
VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
- Found only in the heart. It is involuntary muscles.
- Cardiac muscles tissue is a highly specialized type of muscles found only in the walls of the heart. This
muscles type has a number of unique properties that allows to regularly contracting in order to force
that heart to beat.
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
FUNCTION

- Responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Stimulates itself to contract. Considered auto
rhythmic or intrinsically controlled.

- Another feature that is unique to cardiac muscles tissue is auto rhythmicity. Cardiac muscle tissue is
able to set its own contraction rhythm due to presence of pacemaker cells that stimulate the other
cardiac cells. The pacemaker cell normally receive inputs from the nervous system to increase or
decrease the heart rate depending on the body needs However in the absence of nervous system
stimulation , the pacemaker cells can produce a regular heart rhythm.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
 SKELETAL MUSCLES

Is the only voluntary muscles tissue in the human body. It is

controlled consciously where every physical action that a person
consciously performs such as speaking, walking, or writing which
requires skeletal muscles.
SKELETAL MUSCLES
 MUSCLES CHARACTERISTICS

E- Extensibility
The ability to be extended or stretched
E- Elasticity
The ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after
being stretched or compressed; stretchiness
E- Excitability
Capable of being activated by and reacting to stimuli
C- Contractibility
 MUSCLE CONTRACTIBILITY

 Actin and myosin are the main proteins used in muscle cells to produce a
contraction. In the image below, actin is seen in green, while myosin
is seen in purple. These two components use ATP to pull against each
other. They attach to each side of the cell, which shortens the cell as they
move past each other.
 As seen in the graphic below, the muscular system contracts when energy
from ATP is applied to the myosin heads of the myosin protein filament. The
head releases the actin, reaches forward, and grips the actin again. This
moves the protein filaments and contracts the fiber. Depending on the
muscle cell, different forms of actin and myosin can be used. In some
organisms, completely different proteins are used.