Manuel S .

Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of

City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Lesson 1: Computer
System
Computer Fundamentals
 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Learning objectives
• To be able to identify basic terms and
concepts in computer system
• To be familiarized with computer system
and organization.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

THE W ORLD OF
COM PUTERS
• Where can you find COMPUTERS?

COMP UTER SY STEM People use all types and sizes of computers in their daily activities.
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

WHAT IS A
COMPUTER?

• Computers are electronic

devices that can follow
instructions to accept
input, process the input
and then produce
information.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

What is
COMPUTER
LITERACY?
• Also known as digital literacy,
involves having a current
knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses.
• Because the requirements that
determine computer literacy
change as technology changes,
you must keep up with these
changes to remain computer
literate.
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Computers are made of

1. Hardware
2. Software

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

HARDWARE
The parts of computer itself
(tangible objects )
including:
1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. CPU (or Processor) and
Primary memory (or Main
Memory)
4. Storage devices

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

1. INPUT DEVICES
• An input device is any hardware component that
allows users to enter data and instructions into a
computer.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

2. OUTPUT DEVICES
• An output device is any hardware component
that conveys information to one or more people.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

3. CPU and Primary

memory
• Two main components on the
motherboard are the processor
and memory

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Main components on the

motherboard
Memory
(CPU)
• Central Processing Unit
Also called a
• Temporary
holding place for
processor data and
• Carries out instructions
instructions that tell
computer what to do

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• a CPU's performance is determined by the rest of the
computer's circuitry and chips.
• The CPU performs the actual processing of data
• The speed (clock speed) of CPU measured by
Hertz (MHz)

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https://www.wepc.com/news/intel-10th-generation-10nm-ice-lake-cpu/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-S3fm9OAlZ8
 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

Primary M emory
• Memory (fast, expensive, short-term memory):
Enables a computer to store, at least
temporarily, data, programs, and intermediate
results.

• Two general parts:

1. RAM
2. ROM

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
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An Autonomous University

RAM (M ain
M emory)
• Its a primary storage or
random-access
memory (RAM).
• it temporarily holds data and
programs for use during
processing (volatile)
• Any information stored in
RAM is lost when the
computer is turned off.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

RAM (M ain M emory)

• The more information being processed the more RAM the
computer needs.
• RAM consists of locations or cells. Each cell has a
unique address which distinguishes it from other cells.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

ROM: Read Only

Memory
ROM is part of memory
• Programmed at manufacturing time
• Its contents cannot be changed by users
• It is a permanent store

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

4. Secondary
Storage
Stores data and programs
permanently: its retained after
the power is turned off
 Examples
• Hard Drive (Hard Disk)
• Located outside the CPU, but
most often contained in the system
cabinet
• Floppy Disk
• Optical Laser Discs
 CD-ROM, CD-RW, and DVD
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

The four basic

types of
computers are as
under:
1. Microcomputer
2. Minicomputer
3. Mainframe
Computer
4. Supercomputer
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

1. M ICROCOM PUTER
• Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant
(PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of
microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used &
the fastest growing computers.
• These are specially
designed for general usage
like entertainment,
education and work
purposes.

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
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An Autonomous University

2. M INICOM PUTER
• A minicomputer is also called as
a mid-range computer. A multi-
user computer capable of
supporting up to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
• A multi-user computer capable of
supporting up to hundreds of
users simultaneously.
• Web servers, gaming servers, VAX

database

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

3. M AINFRAME
• A powerful multi-user
computer capable of
supporting many hundreds
or thousands of users
simultaneously.
• Used as a storage for large
database and serve as a
maximum number of users
simultaneously.

COMP UTER SY STEM IBM Z

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
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An Autonomous University

4.
SUPERCOM PUTER
• The most powerful
computers in terms of
performance and
data processing.
• An extremely fast
computer that can
perform hundreds of
millions of instructions
per second.
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

SOFTWARE
The instructions that tell the computer what to do
1. Application Software helps end-users perform
general purpose tasks
2. System Software - enables application software
to interact with the computer

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
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An Autonomous University

Application software (app for

short)
• Is a program or group of
programs designed for
end users.
• Examples of an application
include a word processor, a
spreadsheet, an accounting
application, a web browser,
an email client, a media
player, a file viewer,
simulators, a console game
or a photo editor.
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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

System Software
• The software that controls everything that
happens in a computer.
• Background software, manages the
computer’s internal resources

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

System Software
• The most important System
Software is the
• Operating System

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 Manuel S . Enverga University Foundation, Lucena College of
City Engineering
An Autonomous University

END of Lesson
1
Thank you! 

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