Work done by a constant torque

S
F W  FS



S
  W  FR
R R
but FR  
W    J 
 Power of constant torque
W  
P   P  
t t t
Example
How much power is needed to tighten a screw using a
screwdriver at 0.5rad/s. Radius of the screw is R=0.5cm,
tangential force 500N

R  0.005 P  
P  FR
P  500  0.005  0.5
500N
P  12.5Watt
 P  m
Impulse L  I
P  L 
m  ma  F I  I  
t t t t

Pf  Pi  P  F t Impulse L  t  L f  Li
Newtons third law ….  1   2
1 2
F1 F2

F1  F2
P1 f  P1i    P2 f  P2i  L1 f  L1i    L2 f  L2i 

P1i  P2i  P1 f  P2 f L1i  L2i  L1 f  L2 f

 conservation of momentum  conservation of L
Angular momentum
 Rotational collision
A cylinder I1=50kgm2 has an angular velocity 100rpm when a second cylinder
I2=30kgm2 which has no rotational velocity is dropped onto its surface of the
first cylinder.
Q1. What is the final angular velocity of the combined cylinders in rpm
Q2.What is the energy of the system before and after the collision
Angular momentum is conserved
LI  I11  I 22  I11  0 I11
 F
LF   I1  I 2  F  I1  I 2 
LI  LF 50 100  2 / 60 
 F
50  30 
I11   I1  I 2  F
F  6.544rad / s
I11
 F Or in rpm
 I1  I 2  6.544  60
F 
2
F  62.5rpm
 Rotational collision
A cylinder I1=50kgm2 has an angular velocity 100rpm when a second cylinder
I2=30kgm2 which has no rotational velocity is dropped onto its surface of the
first cylinder.
Q1. What is the final angular velocity of the combined cylinders in rpm
Q2.What is the energy of the system before and after the collision
1 1 1
KEI  I1 1  I 2 2 2  50 100  2 / 60 
2 2

2 2 2
KEI  2741J
1 1
KEF   I1  I 2   F  50  30  6.544 
2
2

2 2
KEF  1712.9 J
KEF  KEI  1712.9  2741  1027J
Energy is lost in the collision
 Conservation of Angular momentum
For an isolated rotating system angular momentum is conserved
Given:
A skater with arms outstretched spins at 0.3 rev/sec. The body of the
Part 1
skater is a 50kg cylinder of radius 12cm the hands are each 0.5kg
M  50kg point masses on the end of 1m arms (neglect the mass of the arms)
R  0.12m Q1. What is the angular momentum of the skater.
1 If the skater folds their arms their body can be approximated as a
m  kg cylinder of mass 51kg and radius 12.5cm?
2 Q2. What is the new angular velocity?
r  1m Q3. How much work was done by the skater?
1  0.3rev / s
Find I 
 Conservation of Angular momentum
Given: Find angular momentum LI  I I I I I  Ib  I h
1
Part 1 I I  MR 2  mr 2  mr 2
M  50kg 2
1
I I  50  0.12   0.5 1  0.5 1
2 2 2
R  0.12m
1 2
m  kg I I  0.36  1  1.36kgm
2
2
r  1m LI  I I I  1.36  0.3  2   2.56kgm 2 s 1
1  0.3rev / s
Find I 
 Conservation of Angular momentum
For an isolated rotating system angular momentum is conserved
Given:
A skater with arms outstretched spins at 0.3 rev/sec. The body of the
Part 2
skater is a 50kg cylinder of radius 12cm the hands are each 0.5kg
M  51kg point masses on the end of 1m arms (neglect the mass of the arms)
R  0.125m Q1. What is the angular momentum of the skater.
If the skater folds their arms their body can be approximated as a
L=2.56 cylinder of mass 51kg and radius 12.5cm?
findF Q2. What is the new angular velocity?
Q3. How much work was done by the skater?
 Conservation of Angular momentum
Given:
Find final angular velocity LF  I F F  LI I F  Ib
Part 2 1 1
I F  MR  51 0.125   0.3984kgm
2 2 2
M  51kg 2 2
R  0.125m I   L
F F I
L=2.56 LI 2.56
F    6.425rad / s
findF IF 0.3984
Conservation of Angular momentum
What was the change in KE?
I I  1.36kgm 2 1  0.3  2  rad / s
I F  0.3984kgm 2 F  6.425rad / s
1 1
KEI  I I I  1.36  0.3  2   2.416J
2 2

2 2
1 1
KEF  I F F   0.3984  6.425   8.223J
2 2

2 2
KEF  KEI  8.223  2.416  5.8J
 KE increases
• What is the implication of this?
• A. The skater cools down
• B. The skater gets dizzy
• C. The ice does external work
• D. The skater does work
• E. The air does work