Electronegativity- measure the tendency of an

atom to attract electrons.

Non-metal elements has higher electronegativity.
Chemical bond- is the
attractive force that holds
together the atom, ions, or
molecules of chemical
compounds.
Metals- have low ionization energy
and low electronegativity. They tend
to give their valence electrons during
chemical bonding and become cat
ions.
Metallic bonding- bonding between
metal to metal elements.
 Metallic Properties
Has the ability to conduct
electricity. Because of mobile ions or
electron.
Because the electron cloud is
mobile. Electrons are free to move
throughout its structure. Electrons
attracted to the positive and are
replaced by those entering from
negative end.
 Metallic Properties
• Metal can have their shape changed
relatively easy.
• Malleable- can be hammered into sheets.
• Ductile- can be drawn into wires.
• As the metal is beaten into another
shape the delocalized electron cloud
continues to bind the ions together.
 Who am I?
I am part of all that lives.
When combined with oxygen I make the fizz”.
Wear me on your finger or used me to write,
In one of my forms, my name is graphite.
Who am I?
CARBON AS
A UNIQUE
ELEMENT
 Why is CARBON unique?
Organic chemistry- is a branch of chemistry that
deals with the study of carbon compounds.
Carbon can be bond to other atoms to form
chains. In some compounds, these chains are
branched, while in other, carbon bonds to
hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur phosphorus
and halogens.
Because of its unique bonding properties there
are more than million known natural and
synthetic organic compounds.
 Why is CARBON unique?

• Valence electrons
• Bond length
• Bond strength
• Multiple Formation
 Valence electrons
• Has 4 valence electrons that can be shared
and can form organic compounds with many
atom such as H,O,N and halogens.
• Only carbon atoms can have the ability to
combine with themselves to form a long
chain.
 Bond length
• Carbon atom has the ability to
form long carbon-to carbon
chains. It can tie with one another
in straight chains, yet in complex
branching similar to the parts of a
tree.
 Bond strength
• Carbon-carbon forming reactions are
organic reactions in which a new
carbon –carbon bond is formed. A
carbon bond is very strong.

• The higher the bond order the higher

the bond energy.
 Multiple Formation
• It can impart not just one electron to
another atom to form a single bond,
it can likewise share two or three
electrons framing a double or triple
bond.
 TYPES OF CARBON BOND

Ethene
Methane Ethyne
 Organic Compounds
• Chemical compounds that contain
CARBON and other elements such as
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
and phosporus.
• Organic compound are associated by
living organism
• Example: sugar, hand sanitizer, soap.
Examples of Organic Compound
 Inorganic Compounds
• Chemical compounds that do not
contain CARBON.
• Example. Water, carbon dioxide
and table salt.
 Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that made
up of carbon and hydrogen atoms
only. They grouped into families
namely alkanes, alkenes and
alkynes.
 Hydrocarbons
Alkanes- hydrocarbons containing
single bond.
Alkenes-hydrocarbons containing at
least one double bond.
Alkynes-hydrocarbons containing at
least one triple bond
A
L
K
A
N
E
S
A
L
K
E
N
E
S
A
L
K
Y
N
E
S
Direction:Put the letter of the following hydrocarbon
structure to its corresponding group or family.

A. Ethyne E. Propyne

B. Propene F. Methane

G. Pentene
C. Butane

D. Hexane H. Hexene
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes
1.______ 1.______ 1.______
2.______ 2.______ 2.______
3._______ 3._______ 3.______
4._______ 4._______ 4.______
Different uses of Organic
Compounds
MATERIALS PHASE ODOR FLAMMABILITY VOLATILITY VISCOSITY

Alcohol
LPG
Diesel oil
Vegetable oil

Acetone
Crude oil
Shampoo
Honey
kerosene
Denatured
alcohol