THE HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

j e c ted 1)DOBEREINER'S
re
TRIADS

In the year 1829 dobereiner’s triads was published

Dobereiner placed his triads in such a way that the average of the 1st and the 3rd element masses is the
approximate atomic mass of the 2nd element in the triad
For example Lithium (6.9)– Sodium (?) - Potassium (39) so [a + c] \2 = b is the formula, so according
to this
[6.9+39] \2 = sodium =23 !!
Drawbacks of dobereiner :
• Dobereiner could identify only three triads. He was not able to prepare triads of all the known elements.
• All the known elements could not be arranged in the form of triads.
• For very low mass or for very high mass elements, the law was not working. Take the example of F, Cl,
Br.
 ted
2)NEW LANDS
e c
rej OCTAVES
In 1865 new lands octaves was published
John newlands placed his octaves in such a way that every 1st and 8th had similar
properties but this rule only lived till calcium
Drawbacks of Newland’s
Newland could arrange elements only up to calcium, out of the total 56 elements
known.
After calcium, every eighth element did not possess properties similar to that of
the first.
This too was rejected.
 cted
re je 3)LOTHAR MEYER CURVE

In the year 1869 Lothar Meyers curve was published

He stated 3 rules on his curve

1. The most strongly electropositive alkali metal occupy the peaks of the curve [ ex:
He,K,Rb]
2. The less strongly electropositive alkali metals occupy the descending position of the
curve [ex: Li, Mg, Ca ]
3. The most electronegative elements occupy the ascending position of the curve
[ex: Ar,Ge,Kr]
But was rejected because Meyer's periodic table was incomplete compared to
Mendeleev's which was published the very same year with remarkable predictions of
discoveries and Meyer’s classification was supported by a study of various physical
properties such as atomic volume\size etc..
With no logical bases or classification and it is difficult to remember such values on
the other hand, Mendeleev's periodic classification was based on periodic fact
 4) MENDELEEVE
Mendeleev's periodic table was published in the same year as Lothar Meyer ,1869
At that time there were only 63 elements known so Mendeleev thought to arrange them according to there
physical and chemical properties and to know the properties he choose to react it with 2 standard elements
: hydrogen and oxygen .

He wrote all of his observations on 63 cards so then he could arrange them, he arranged them according to
atomic masses when he did that he found 2 astonishing observations
1] there were empty spaces in his periodic table which meant more discovered elements could be placed
2] recurrence of the physical and chemical properties
So he made a periodic law stating about the recurrence of the physical and chemical properties
He called it the periodic law
• Demerits of Mendeleev Periodic Table
• He was unable to locate hydrogen in the periodic table.
• Increase in atomic mass was not regular while moving from one element to another. ...
• Later on, isotopes of elements were found which violated Mendeleev's periodic law.
MORDERN PERIODIC PERIODIC TABLE

Used atomic no instead of atomic weight