Podar Internationl School, Rajkot

CLASS – VII
CHAPTER – 14 ‘LIGHT’
How do we see
things around
us ?
We can’t see anything in dark room
We see things because they reflect light into our eyes:

Text Book
Light travels along a straight line
Activity:- Light a candle and fix it on a table. Take a piece
of rubber tube. Look at the candle through the pipe. You
can see the candle flame. If the pipe is bent, you can’t see
the flame. This shows that light travels along a straight
line.
Reflection of Light :-
• When the light falls on a mirror, the direction of light
changes, this change in the direction of light is called
reflection of light.

• The ray that hits the surface of the plane mirror is called the
incident ray and the ray that gets reflected off the surface is
called the reflected ray. Such a diagram is called ray diagram
and it is used to depict the path taken by light rays.
• Regular reflection:- From a plane and uniform (or smooth)
surface such as a plane mirror or a stainless steel.

• Irregular reflection of light:- From a rough and non-uniform

surface .
• This is also known as diffused reflection.
 Real Image Virtual Image

It can be obtained It cannot be obtained

on the screen. on the screen.

It is always It is always erect.

inverted.
It is formed in front It is always formed
of the mirror. behind the mirror.
Image formed by a plane mirror:-
⮚ The image is erect.
⮚ The image is same size of the object. (h=h’)
⮚ The image is at the same distance from the mirror as the object is
in front of it. (u=v)
⮚ The image is virtual (Cannot not be obtained on a screen).
⮚ In the image, the right side appears left and the left side appears
right.
Spherical mirrors :-
⮚ Spherical mirrors are curved mirrors
⮚ If the reflection surface is inside, the spherical mirror is a
concave mirror.
⮚ If the reflecting surface is outside, the spherical mirror is a
convex mirror.
Spherical Mirrors
Image formed by Concave mirror :-
Uses of Concave mirror :-
⮚ These are used as reflector of light, Headlights of cars and
scooters etc.
⮚ These are used by dentists to see enlarged image of teeth.
⮚ These are used by doctors to examining eyes, ears, nose and
throat.
Image formed by Convex mirror :-
Uses of Convex mirrors:-
⮚ These are used as side mirrors cars, scooters etc.
⮚ Convex mirror has wider view to help drivers to see the traffic
behind them.
• They are also used in various places like shops, parking lots,
etc. in order to keep a watch over a large area for security
reasons.
 Lenses :-
Lenses are of main two types. They are of convex lenses and
concave lenses.
1) Convex lens is thick in the middle and thin at the edges. A convex
lens bends light inwards so it is called converging lens.
2) Concave lens is thin in the middle and thick at the edges. A
concave lens bends light outwards. So it is called diverging lens.
Image formed by convex lens:-
Depending upon the distance of object get from the lens.

⮚ Image will be smaller or Larger than the object.

⮚ Image may also real (can be obtained on a screen) or virtual
(can not be obtained of screen).
⮚ Inverted or erect.

Image formed by concave lens:-

⮚ Virtual (can not be obtained on screen).
⮚ Smaller in size.
Uses of Lenses:-
⮚ Lenses are used spectacles, microscopes, telescopes, cameras
etc.
Splitting of White Light
Sir Issac Newton discovered that sunlight or white light is a complete mixture
of several colours.

• Sunlight to enter through a small aperture.

• After passing through the prism the light was received on a white screen.
• Thus, the phenomenon of splitting of a white light into its constituent
colours on passing through a transparent medium is known as dispersion of
light.