1. The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two
distinctly different crystal sizes is called ____. a. porphyritic texture c. fine-grained texture b. glassy texture d. coarse-grained texture 2. Igneous rocks that crystallize from magma and are composed almost entirely of quartz and feldspars have a(n) ____. a. andesitic composition c. ultramafic composition b. basaltic composition d. granitic composition 3. A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an ____. a. intrusive metamorphic rock b. extrusive igneous rock c. intrusive igneous rock d. extrusive sedimentary rock Answers: 1) a. 2) d. 3) c. Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 3, Section 3 Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition • Weathering is any process which breaks rocks into sediments • Erosion involves weathering and the removal of rock. When an agent of erosion – water, wind, or gravity – loses energy, it drops the sediments. This process is called deposition. • Sediments are deposited according to size. • Smaller sediments will travel longer distances Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Compaction and Cementation • Compaction and cementation change sediments into sedimentary rocks • Compaction is a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments • Compaction is caused by the weight of sediments • Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments. Compaction and Cementation Concept Check • What are the five major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks? • Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation Classification of Sedimentary Rocks • Just like igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks can be classified into two main groups according to the way they form. • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks – rocks that are made of the weathered bits of rocks and minerals • Chemical Sedimentary Rocks – forms when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions Clastic vs. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Formation of Coal Concept Check • What are the major types of clastic sedimentary rocks? • Conglomerates and breccia, sandstone, shale and siltstone Sedimentary Rock Features • The many unique features of sedimentary rocks are a clue to how, when, and where the rocks formed. • Each layer of sedimentary rocks records a period of sedimentation • The oldest layers are found at the bottom and the youngest layers are found at the top • Some fossils are unique to certain sedimentary rocks; they can answer questions as to where that rock formed and how old they are Sedimentary Rock Features Assignment • Read Chapter 3, Section 3 (pg. 75-79) • Do Chapter 3 Assessment #1-36 (pg. 89- 90) • For Section 3: Do #’s 6-8, 15, 16, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32