kinematics

m o t i o n i n a
s t r a i g h t l i n e
 kinematics

• Kinematics is the study of the

classification and comparisons of
motion.
• It d o e s n o t d e a l w i t h t h e
causes o f motion.
Motion
 Motionis a change in position in a certain
amount of time.

 When you say that something has moved, you

are describing motion.

 In
describing motion, you are comparing it with
some frame of reference or reference point.
So, What’s a Reference Point?
 When describing something that is moving, you are comparing it
with something that is assumed to be stationary (not moving).

 The frame of reference is the background or object that is used

for comparison.

 Ex: You are on a train that just left the platform.

 The people standing on the platform see you moving away.
(earth)
 The person sitting next to you does not see you moving.
(train)
Reference Point Examples
SPEED and VELOCITY
Speed
 In a race, the runners had to move or
change positions to get to the finish
line in a certain amount of time.

 To describe motion you need to know:

 distance traveled (meters – m)
 how long it took to go that distance
(seconds – s)
Speed
 It is define as the distance traveled over a
period of time.
 Position can change at different rates
 Distance an object moves in an amount of time

 Formulas
Speed=Distance/Time
Distance=Speed x Time
Time= Distance/speed
Constant Speed
 Objects in motion that their speed does not
change is moving at a constant speed.

 Totaldistance divided by total time give

speed at any point in time.

 Graph is a straight
line for constant speed.
Example:
 At what speed did a plane fly if it traveled
1760 meters in 8 seconds?

Given:
Distance = 1760 m
Time = 8 s
Speed = ?
Drill:
1. What is the speed of a bus that travels a
distance of 200 km in 4.0 h?

Given:
Distance = 200 km
Time = 4.0 h
Speed = ?
Speed
To be more precise, the average speed is obtained
by dividing the total distance covered by the
corresponding time. The mathematical description
of speed is given by
Drill:
You have trained all year for a marathon. In your
first attempt to run a marathon, you decide that you
want to complete a 42.195 km in 2 hours. What would
your average speed be?
S(ave)= 42.195km x 1000m
Given: 1km
Distance = 42.195 km
Time = 2 h 2h x 3600s
Speed = ? 1h
= 5.86m/s
Assignment
Assignment 2.1
A. Suppose you are walking home after school. The
distance from school to your home is 1.5 kilometres.
On foot, you can get home in 25 minutes. However, if
you rode a bicycle, you could get home in 10 minutes.
What is your average speed while walking

B. What is your average speed while bicycling?

C. How much faster do you travel on your bicycle?

Velocity
 Velocityis speed in a given direction. It is
also determined by using the distance from
the starting position to the ending position,
rather than the distance of the path taken.

A runner moves eastward at 10m/s.

 speed is 10m/s
 velocity is 10m/s east
Velocity
 Velocityis very important for airplane pilots,
weather forecasters and anyone driving from one
place to another.

 Formulas
Velocity=Displacement/Time
Displacement=Velocityx Time
Time= Displacement/Velocity
Example:
 What is the velocity of a sprinter who runs
100 meters N in 12 Seconds?
V= X
Given: t
Displacement = 100 m N
Time = 12 s
Velocity = ?
Velocity
Velocity is the ratio of the displacement that
occurs during a particular time interval. To be
more precise, we use the average velocity. The
mathematical description of velocity is given by
where V𝑎𝑣𝑒 is the average velocity. The SI
unit for velocity is 𝑚/𝑠 along with a specific
direction because velocity is a vector
quantity. It must have a magnitude and a
direction
Position-Time Graph
A convenient way to illustrate an object’s motion is though a graph.
Drill:
1. What is the velocity of a Formula One racing car
that makes a displacement of 400 m N in 40 s?

Given: V= X
Displacement = 400 m t
Time = 40 s
Velocity = ?
Drill:
Kath and Yelena always play tennis every
Sunday afternoon. When Kath serves the
ball to Yelena, it travels 9.5 meters south
in 2.1 seconds. What is the velocity of
the tennis ball?
 Quiz 2.2
1. A motorized balangay travels east across the Cagayan
river at 15 meters per minute. If the river is 425 meters
wide, how long does it take for the balangay to reach the
other side? Write your answer in hour.

2. Kath and Yelena always play tennis every Sunday

afternoon. When Kath serves the ball to Yelena, it
travels 9.5 meters south in 2.1 seconds. What is the
velocity of the tennis ball?
Acceleration
Acceleration
 It is the rate at which velocity increases or
decreases.

 It is defined as the change in velocity over

change in time.

 Take note that the unit of measurement is m/s

Acceleration
 When an object is increasing in velocity over
time it is said to be accelerating.

 When an object is decreasing in velocity over

time it is said to be decelerating.

 If an object is moving at a constant velocity

it is said to be moving with zero acceleration.
Acceleration
 It is expressed as:
a
where:
a is the resulting acceleration,
Vi is the initial velocity,
Vf is final velocity
ti is the initial time,
tf is the final time
Drill: A horse rider starting from rest has
a final velocity of 9.6 m/s N in 2 seconds.
What is the horse rider’s acceleration?

a a

N
Example: A sports car accelerates with a constant rate from 11 m/s
to 25 m/s East in 5.0 seconds. Determine the acceleration.

a a

E
Drill A softball player sprinting at 8.0 m/s W slides into the
third base and coming to rest in 1.6 s. What is the player’s
acceleration?

a a
Thank you very Much!

Mr. Victor DJ. Batan Jr.