Course Code: BDSMED102

Course Title: General Human Physiology

Course Leader
Dr Ambarish
E Mail:ambarish@yahoo.co.in

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 Lecture- 65 Introduction To Digestive System
-Intended Learning Outcome-

At the end of this lecture student will be able to

• List the parts of digestive system

• Describe the layers of the wall of GIT with general
organization
• Discuss the Enteric Nervous System
• Describe Basal Electrical Rhythm and spike potentials.

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 Introduction To Digestive System

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 Digestive System

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 Structure of wall of GIT

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis externa
– Innermost oblique (Only in
stomach)
– Inner circular
• Inner dense circular layer
• Outer circular layer
– Outer longitudinal
• Serosa
• ENS – Submucosal (Meissner’s) &
Myenteric (Auerbach’s)
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 Innervation of GIT

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 Innervation of the Gut

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 Innervation of the Gut

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 General Principles of GI Motility

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 General Principles of GI Motility

• Factors affecting RMP

• Depolarised by:
• Stretching, acetylcholine, parasympathetic stimulation,
Gastrointestinal hormones
• Hyperpolarised by:
• Stimulation of sympathetic nerves, epinephrine or
norepinephrine

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 BER (Electrical control activity, Electrical slow
waves)

• Cells show a fluctuating / unstable RMP like sine

waves, whether there is contraction or not – this
is BER(Basal Electrical Rhythm)
• Absent in esophagus, gastric fundus, & gall
bladder.
• Present in corpus, antrum of stomach, small
intestine, colon, part of common bile duct that
lies in duodenal wall.
• Membrane potential here ranges from – 65 to -
45 mv.
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 BER

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 Interstitial Cells Of Cajal

• Areas of GIT which can initiate electrical activity on

their own & then conduct to stimulate other parts of
GIT are pacemakers
• One such in greater curvature of stomach
• 3-5 layers thick.
• These are small, pleomorphic stellate mesenchymal
cells with single ovoid nucleus, that send long
branches to smooth muscles. (Gap junction). –
CAUSE OF BER

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 Spike Potentials

• These are true AP of GIT

• APs occur in bursts at peak of slow waves.
• Its duration is 10-20 msec.
• Depolarization : due to Ca++Na+ channels
– large number of Ca channels > Na &
– slower Ca++ channels→longer AP.

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 15
Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Dental University
Sciences of Applied Sciences © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Spike Potentials

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 Summary

• Parts
• Layers with general organization
• ENS
• BER
• Spike Potentials

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 Disclaimer

All data and content provided in this

presentation are taken from the
reference books, internet – websites
and links, for informational purposes
only.

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