IT 8811 - Project Work

Human Detection System

Review No.: 1 12.02.2024 Batch No. : 9

Presented by
Supervisor
Harinisree S - 311020205020 DR.S.Muthuselvan
Sahana R - 311020205048 HOD IT dept

Mohanapriya - 311020205036
2023-2024
 Objective

• To create an Arduino-based human detecting

system that can quickly aid those who are stuck
in a crisis, the robot movement is controlled by
using IoT and Sensors.

2
 Abstract

This project outlines a human searching device that takes the form of a robot and
serves as a backup mechanism for saving lives in the event of a disaster. The
temperature sensor, in general, detects the thermal image of the human body, and
there has been extensive research into human searching with the gas and humidity
sensor. In the intelligent robot device’s study, achieving accurate and reliable
human detection and tracking is a difficult challenge. The architecture of human
detection and tracking mechanisms over non-overlapping field of views is
examined in this paper. To compensate for their respective flaws, a search method
is proposed. The proposed method’s rate and accuracy of human detection was
tested in an experimental setting. We may guide the robot’s movement by
commanding it to move left, right, forward, or backward. We plan to equip the
robot with sensors that will enable us to track and detect humans behind the wall.

3
 Project Description

• This project provides features such as detection of movements of human being, obstacles using Arduino.

• The system integrates techniques such as passive infrared sensors which detects movement of people with
the help of changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects.

• The system provides an increased accuracy due to use of a large number of features (IR patterns of the
surroundings ,wavelength, temperature ) of the body.

• Arduino is programmed to guide the robot automatically depending on the obstacle detected and to send
the human being information to remote control place through the Bluetooth Technology.

4
 Problem Definition

• This system develops a mobile rescue robotic vehicle system based on Arduino to assist those who are
caught in a disaster, such as an earthquake ,fire , landslide etc.

• It provides a quick and accurate reflection of the changing situation of people in catastrophe areas, such
as underground regions, to the control center so that a team of experts and medical professionals can be
sent to the victim's location for first care and can be transported to a safe site or hospital.

5
 Proposed Solution

• To create a system that uses passive infrared sensors which detects movement of people with the help of
changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects.

• The human body emits thermal radiation at a wavelength of about 10 microns. It is received and
manipulated by the PIR sensor to detect human beings. The motion of the human being can be detected by
checking for a sudden change in the surrounding IR pattern.

• Obstacle sensor detects the obstacle and sends the analog signals to the Arduino.
• Arduino is programmed to guide the robot automatically depending on the obstacle detected and to send
the human being information to remote control place through the Bluetooth Technology

• The system gives warning to Base Station(Control Center),analyzing the data the Rescue team can take
necessary steps to rescue the trapped human Beings.

6
 Proposed Solution - Justification

• To create a system that uses passive infrared sensors which detects movement of people with
the help of changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects.

• The human body emits thermal radiation at a wavelength of about 10 microns. It is received
and manipulated by the PIR sensor to detect human beings. It operates at 12V DC. The motion
of the human being can be detected by checking for a sudden change in the surrounding IR
pattern.

• Obstacle sensor detects the obstacle and sends the analog signals to the Arduino.

• Arduino is programmed to guide the robot automatically depending on the obstacle detected
and to send the human being information to remote control place through the Bluetooth
Technology

• The system gives warning to Base Station(Control Center),analyzing the data the Rescue team
can take necessary steps to rescue the trapped human Beings.
7
 Requirement Specification
Software
FRONT END TOOLS  HTML , CSS, JAVAScript
BACK END TOOLS  NA
MARKUP LANGUAGES  NA
SCRIPTING LANGUAGES  NA
MIDDLE WARE TECHNOLOGIES
IDE  Android Studio
SIMULATION TOOLS
NETWORK/WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES  HTTP POST ,HTTP GET
ANY OTHER

Hardware
• Arduino board
• ESP board based microcontrollers
• 12 Volt DC Motor, Motor Driver
• PIR Sensor
• 12V Battery

8
 Requirement Specification - Justification

• The Arduino UNO is the best board to get started with electronics and coding.

• A passive infrared sensor (PIR) is an electronic sensor which is used to detect motion.

• The sensor measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. Mainly they have used in PIR based
motion detectors.

• The Arduino IDE has been updated with a faster, more powerful, modern editor, a responsive interface, autocompletion,
code navigation, and a live debugger.

• IOT helps for controlling and monitoring.

9
Architecture Diagram

10
Module Description

Detection module :
• The system travels throughout the disaster area after it
has been turned on.
• It uses sensors to identify people.
Alert module :
• In the event that they are recognized, the system
notifies us through the buzzer.
Display module:
• Shows an alert message on the LCD.

11
Module Description

This Circuit Diagram shows the

connection configurations
between various Sensors with
the Arduino Uno Board

12
 Algorithm Explanation
Algorithm for Human Detection
Initialize System:
Set up the Arduino and PIR sensors in strategic locations within the affected area.
Read PIR Sensor Output:
Continuously read the output of the PIR sensors.
Thresholding and Signal Processing:
Similar to the previous algorithm, use thresholding and signal processing to differentiate between
background noise (e.g., debris movement, animal activity) and significant changes that suggest human
presence.
Detect Human Presence:
When a significant change indicating human presence is detected, flag it as a potential survivor.
Sound Alarm or Notify:
Activate an alarm or notify emergency responders about the potential survivor's location. This can be done
using methods such as sound signals, flashing lights, or sending distress signals through a communication
module (e.g., GSM module) connected to the Arduino.
13
 Algorithm Explanation
Algorithm for Human Detection
Location Tracking (Optional):
If possible, use additional sensors or methods (e.g., GPS modules, accelerometers) to track the location of the
detected human presence more accurately. This information can be vital for rescue efforts.
Continuous Monitoring:
Continue to monitor the sensors in a loop to detect any additional human presence.
Safety Measures:
Ensure the system is designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions during calamities. Use appropriate
power sources (e.g., batteries or backup generators) and enclosures to protect the electronics.
Emergency Power Management (Optional):
Implement power management features to conserve energy, especially if the system needs to operate for an
extended period without access to a stable power source.
Manual Intervention (if needed):
In some cases, human intervention may be required to verify the detected presence as a survivor. Emergency
responders can use additional tools and equipment to locate and assist survivors.
14
 Algorithm Explanation
Algorithm to Differentiate Human Presence from Background Noise:

Initialize Variables:
Set a threshold value for the PIR sensor output. This threshold will determine what constitutes a significant
change. You may need to adjust this threshold based on your specific environment and sensor characteristics.
Read PIR Sensor Output:
Continuously read the output of the PIR sensor connected to your Arduino.
Filter Out Initial Noise:
Ignore the initial sensor readings, which may be noisy when the system is first powered on. Allow the system
to stabilize by discarding the initial readings.
Calculate Average Baseline:
Calculate a running average or rolling average of the sensor readings over a short time window (e.g., 1-2
seconds) when no motion is detected. This average represents the baseline or background noise level.

15
 Algorithm Explanation
Algorithm to Differentiate Human Presence from Background Noise

Detect Significant Change:

Compare the current sensor reading with the calculated baseline average.
If the current reading exceeds the baseline by a certain factor (e.g., 2 times the baseline value), consider it a
significant change indicative of human presence.
Human Presence Detected:
When a significant change is detected, flag it as "human presence."
Time Delay (Optional):
To avoid continuous triggering due to minor fluctuations, you can introduce a time delay during which
additional motion detections are ignored after the initial detection. This helps prevent false alarms.
Repeat:
Continue reading and processing sensor data in a loop.

16
 Conclusion

To create a robotic system that will get the location of the Human and send it to Mobile App,
where the location will be used to rescue the human being.
The system gives warning to Rescue Team through Mobile App if any human is detected
which saves human life. IoT and PIR Sensor is used for controlling and monitoring robot
which saves human life.The system's algorithm, overall architecture, and software and
hardware components have all been identified thus far.

17
 References

1. T. Akilan, Satyam Chaudhary, (2020), “Surveillance Robot in Hazardous Place

Using IoT Technology ,’’ in 2nd International Conference on Advances in
Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN).
2. R.Kabilan (2021), “Live Human Detection Robot in Earthquake Condition”, in The
authors and IOS Press. This article is published online with Open Access by IOS
Press and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-
Commercial License 4.0.
3. Gopika D, Hrithik Sivadasan, Pooja Jiresh, Sucheta G S (2021), “HUMAN
DETECTION ROBOT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT” published in
“International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology”.

18
THANK YOU