Sensor dan Tranduser

Sensor Characteristics

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Introduction

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 Example: MCD
• Mobile communication devices (MCD)
• What sensors are in a smart phone?

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Other MCD Applications

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Illustration of Thermal Radiation Sensing module for MCD

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 Sensor Characteristics
• Accuracy (error)
• Range (span)  Full Scale Input
• Full Scale Output
• Presisi (repeatability, reproducibility)
• Sensitivity
• Stability

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 Accuracy & Error
• Akurasi menunjukkan tingkat penyimpangan hasil pengukuran
terhadap nilai sebenarnya.
• Dinyatakan dalam % of f.s.d (full-scale deflection)
Contoh: ±1% of 10 A  akurasi ±0.1 A
• Error = measured value – true value

Insertion error
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 Range (Span) & Full Scale Output
• A dynamic range of stimuli that may be converted by a sensor
Full Scale Output

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 Presisi

• Presisi: Konsistensi hasil pengukuran

Mana lebih presisi?

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 Repeatability
• Run 1 must be the same as
run 2
• Any difference shows not
repeatability

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 Dead Band
• Insensitivity of a sensor
• Change of the stimuli does not
change the output significantly

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 Sensitivity/Resolution
• The smallest increment of a stimulus that can be sensed
• Seberapa keluaran berubah ketika terjadi perubahan nilai
variabel diukur
• Contoh: Sensitivity 20 uV/oC  kenaikan 20 uV setiap kenaikan
1 oC.

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Dynamics Characteristics

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 Reliability (Keandalan)
• Reliability is ability of a product (sensor) to perform a required
function under stated conditions for a stated period of time

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 Analogies between Systems
• Mechanical System

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Electrical System

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Mechanical vs Electrical Systems

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Mechanical/Electrical Analogies

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 Fluid System
System variables:
𝑝: 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙
𝑖 : 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 ( )
𝑠

Elements:
𝐶 𝑓 : 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑅 𝑓 : 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝑝=𝑖 𝑅 𝑓 𝑉 = 𝐴h h=𝑖 𝑅 𝑓

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Fluid/Electrical Analogies

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Thermal System
Thermal variables:
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑇 )
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 (𝑖)

𝑖=𝐺𝑡 𝑇

𝐺𝑡 : 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝐻 =𝐶 𝑡 𝑇

𝐻 : 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝐶 𝑡 : 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

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Thermal/Electrical Analogies

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Systems Analogies

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Terima kasih

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