THEORY OF

ARCHITECTURE
Design Process and
Spatial Theories
PRESENTED BY: Ar. Edison R. Malupeng,
uap
DESIGN
PROCESS
DESIGN (in Context
of Architecture)
The Activity of generating proposals that
change something that already exist into
something that is better.

DESIGN STAGES
• Initiation: Problem Identification
• Preparation: Collection of analysis of
information
• Proposal-making: synthesis,
consideration
• Evaluation: Based on Goals
• Cycles, Feedback, Iteration
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 PREPARATION:
Collection,
Analysis of data. Establish
INITIATION: Goals and criteria SYNTHESIS: SWOT
Identifying Analysis
A problem and its context

REEVALUATION: HYPOTHESIS:
Assessment Preliminary draft

ACTION: Final ALTERNATIVE :

Drawings; Selection and Schematics-
Implementation Develop, Modify, refine,
inflect transform

EVALUATE: To
Simulate, test and modify

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PROJECT
PROBLEMS
BRIEF

GOALS PROJECT DESIGN An Approach

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
DESIGN
Influencing
CONSIDERATI
Factors
ONS
CRITERIA Programming

STUDIES Design
Schematics

ANSWER
Design Solution

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ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
CONSIDERATION
• AESTHETICS: form and composition
• NATURAL ENVIRONMENT: Natural site
considerations
• MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT: ingress/egress
traffic, landscaping
• SPATIAL: Function and zoning, accessibility,
proxemics
• HUMAN DETERMINANTS: psychology,
anthropometrics and ergonomics, culture, religious
beliefs
• BUILDING TECHNOLOGY: Structural,
electrical, sanitary, mechanical, special building
systems
• LOCAL REGULATIONS: Land use, codes, laws
ordinances
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ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM
• The process of managing information so that the right
kind of information is available at the right stage of the
design process and the best possible decisions can be
made in shaping the outcome of the building design.
• The gathering, organizing, analyzing, interpreting and
presenting of the information relevant to a design project.
• The orderly definition of the architectural problem and the
articulation of the project requirements in a manner that
promotes the creation of a responsible solution of the
design of the building.
• The problem-seeking phase of the design process.
• The process that creates the structure for fullfi;;ing the
dreams, hopes, wishes and the desires of the building
future inhabitants.

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DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND CONCEPTS
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
• The statement of the beliefs,
values or viewpoints from
which the development of the
design solutions take off.
They are often formed out of
universally held principles
and thus become bases for
socially desirable design
objectives.
Click icon to add picture DESIGN CONCEPT
The overall concept consist of
• An initial generalized idea
• A germination which is to be
expanded and developed
later in some detail
• A perception about form or
relationships among
variables resulting from an
analysis of the problem
• A mental image deriving
from the project situation
• First ideas about building
morphology
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 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS
DESIGN THEMATIC OR SYMBOLIC
• Analogies: Literally relating
PHILOSOPHY AND architectural form with other or process
CONCEPTS • Metaphors: abstract relationships
• Essences: meanings, issues, symbols,
going beyond programmatic
requirements
• Programmatic: stated requirements
• Ideals: universal values, highest
aspirations

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BINOCULARS BLDG.- LOS ANGELES, JEWISH MUSEUM- BERLIN
CALIFORNIA GERMANY
FRANK GHERY DANIEL LIBESKIND
ANALOGIES METAMORPHIC
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LOTUS TEMPLE-NEW DELHI

FARIBORZ SAHBA

ESSENCE
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CCTV HEADQUARTERS- Chaoyang, China

REM KOOLHAAS

PROGRAMMATIC
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SEAGRAM BLDG. - NEW YORK

MIES VAN DE ROHE

IDEALS
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SPATIAL THEORIES
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 SPATIAL THEORIES
TERRITORY
• Is a delimited space that a person or a group of persons
uses and defends as an exclusive preserve.
• Involves psychological identification with a place
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRITORIES
• Ownership of or rights to a place. e.g., Land Titles,
Deeds of Sale
• Personalization or marking of an area., e.g., Stores and
gates
• Right to defend against intrusion. E.g., fences
• Serving of functions ranging from psychological to
self actualization
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 SPATIAL THEORIES
THE CONCEPT OF PRIVACY
• The ability of individual or group of individuals to
control their visual, auditory and olfactory interactions
with others. The ability to control interactions to have
options and to achieve the desired level of interaction.
KINDS OF PRIVACY
• Solitude: The state of being free from observation by
others.
• Intimacy: The state of being with another person but
free from the outside world.
• Anonymity: The state of being unknown even in a
crowd.
• Reserve: The state in which a person employs
psychological barriers to control unwanted intrusions.
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 SPATIAL THEORIES

PRIVACY IN PHYSICAL SETTINGS Acoustical privacy

• People instinctively evaluate four, often-overlapping • Effective treatment of components like ceiling,
mechanisms that determine if a space can provide the partitions, furniture, equipment and floor creates speech
type of privacy experience they seek. privacy-shielding conversations to be unheard beyond
participants.

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 SPATIAL THEORIES

VISUAL PRIVACY: TERRITORIAL PRIVACY

• Addresses the ability to limit other’s view of • Claiming a space and controlling it as your own through
oneself using furnishings, partition, tinted glass, using fences, gates, or any partitions or dividers.
walls and doors.

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SPATIAL THEORIES
PURPOSE OF PRIVACY

• PERSONAL AUTONOMY
• RELEASE OF EMOTION
• SELF EVALUATION
• LIMIT AND PROTECT
COMMUNICATION

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SPATIAL THEORIES

PRIVACY IS DIFFERENT FROM

ISOLATION.

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Privacy is influenced or created in various
spatial distance. The distinct between
humans as defined by Edward T. Hall are
categorized as:
• Intimate space: most private area
• Personal space: allow interaction with
friends
• Social space: contact on a temporary
basis
• Public space: No expected direct
contact but if any it is usually resisted

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SOCIAL SPACE
PERSONAL SPACE
INTIMATE SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
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PROXEMICS
• Is the study of human and the effects that
population density has on behavior,
communication, social interaction.
• The branch of knowledge that deals with
the amount of space that people feel it
necessary to set between themselves and
others.
• The study of proxemics is valuable in
evaluating not only the way people
interact with others in daily life but also
“the organization of space in (their)
houses and buildings, and ultimately the
layout of (their) towns”

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 PROXEMICS
Principles from sociology and
proxemics can be applied to elements
of architectural design such as
seating, in order to create places that
aim to encourage social interaction
and to increase personal comfort in
crowded situations.

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End of presentation

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