The number of students in a class.

Time to wake up.

The amount of rain, in inches, that falls in a storm.

The number of parts damaged during transportation.

The number of arrivals at an emergency room between midnight and
6:00 a.m.

The duration of the next outgoing telephone call from a business

office.
 DISCRETE CONTINOUS
The number of students Time to wake up.
in a class.
The number of parts damaged The amount of rain, in
inches, that falls in a
during transportation. storm.
The number of arrivals at an The duration of the
emergency room between next outgoing
midnight and 6:00 a.m.
telephone call from a
business office.
 DISCRETE
AND
CONTINUOS
RANDOM VARIABLE
 RANDOM VARIABLE

– is a variable whose values depend on the outcomes

of an experiment.
OUTCOMES NUMBERS

* SAMPLE SPACE – is a set of all possible outcomes of

an experiment.
 GENERAL FORMULA -

EXAMPLE: Supposed two coins are tossed and we are

interested to determine the number of tails (T) that turn up.

Possible
Outcome TT TH HH HT
Number of
2 1 0 1
tails
Therefore, the possible values of t are 0, 1 and 2.
t=
EXAMPLE 2: Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from a box containing 5 red balls and 6 blue
balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the number
of blue balls. Find the values of the random variable Z.

Let B represent the blue ball and R represent the red ball.

Possible BB BR RB RR
Outcome
Number of 2 1 1 0
blue balls

z=
EXAMPLE 3: Write all the possible values of each random
variable.

(a). X: Number of even number outcomes in a roll of a die.

x=
 DISCRETE RANDOM CONTINUOUS
VARIABLE RANDOM VARIABLE

When a random variable

Example: Example:
When a random variable
1. can
The take
sum only
of thecountable
numbers 1. that
The take
distance
an infinitely
leaped in
thatvalues,
turn upor if itsaset
when pairofof meters
uncountable
by a long-jumper
number of in
dicepossible
is tossed.values is in a competition.
possible values,
one-to-one
2. The number of correct 2. typically
The length
measureable
of time in
correspondence
answers a student getwith
in aa minutesquantities.
that a scheduled
10 itemsubset of natural
true-false test. airplane flight is delayed
numbers.
3. The number of defective 3. The length of time it
computer. takes a swimmer to
complete a 100 meter
freestyle race.
Determine whether the given random variable is DISCRETE or
CONTINUOUS

A. The length of time in seconds it takes for a ball to return to

the ground when tossed vertically upward. CONTINUOUS
B. The number of person who can fit in a single run of elevator.
DISCRETE
C. The number of sandwiches sold in one day at school
canteen. DISCRETE
D. The height in meters of a student randomly chosen from a
senior class. CONTINUOUS
E. Time of person can hold his/her breathe. CONTINUOUS
F. How long students ate breakfast.
CONTINUOUS
 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF DISCRETE
RANDOM VARIABLE

- Sometimes called the Probability Mass Function (PMF)

(PMF).

- Distributing Probability weights to all possible values of

the random variable
EXAMPLE: Supposed two coins are tossed and we are
interested to determine the number of tails that turn up.

Possible TT TH HH HT
Outcome
Number 2 1 0 1
of tails

Possible values (t) 0 1 2

{
1
If t = 0, 2 4
𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝑈𝐿𝐴 𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀 : 𝑃 𝑋 ( 𝑇 ) =
1
If t = 1
2
EXAMPLE: A basket contains 10 blue and 4 red balls. If
three balls are taken from the basket one after the other,
determine the possible values of the random variable B
representing the number of blue balls.

POSSIBLE BBB BBR BRB RBB RRR RRB RBR BRR

OUTCOMES

Number of
blue balls B 3 2 2 2 0 1 1 1

POSSIBLE 0 1 2 3
VALUES (b)

P(B)
 {
1
If b = 0, 3 8
𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝑈𝐿𝐴 𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀 : 𝑃 𝑋 ( 𝐵 )=
3
If b = 1, 2
8
 PROPERTIES OF THE PROBABILITY MASS
FUNCTION OF A RANDOM VARIABLE

NONNEGATIVITY The value of the probability mass function

PROPERTY is always nonnegative.

NORMING Indicates that the sum of the values of PMF

PROBABILITY of x cannot exceed 1.
 DLP 1

A. Determine whether the given random variable is DISCRETE

or CONTINUOUS.
1. Number of Philippine senator.
2. Weight of new born puppies for the month of January.
3. Number of pencil in a box.
4. The capacity of electrical resistor
5. Volume of water.

B. Construct the probability mass function of the random

variable described below.
6. Consider the experiment of tossing three coins and let X be
the number of heads that turn up.