Topics of

Concern in the
field of….
as Research
Title

By: EUNICE B. CUSTODIO, Ph.D., DIT

Key Issues and
Problems of Philippine Education

– Deteriorating quality of education.

– Recently the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) released the results of the 2018
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
– PISA “measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading,
mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life
challenges.” the results were rather dismal. Among 79
participating countries or economies the Philippines ranked
dead last in reading, and we ranked second last in both
mathematics and science (beating only the Dominican
Republic).
Key Issues and
Problems of Philippine Education

– High dropout rates,

– High number of repeaters,
– Low passing grades,
– Lack of particular language skills,
– Failure to adequately respond and address the needs of people with
special needs LSEN - SWAN
– Overcrowded classrooms, and poor teacher performances
– Globalization issue in education
– Shortage of school buildings, textbooks, MODULE and equipment
– BIDDING – publication
According to the Human Capital Theory of Adam
Smith (18th century), the economic development
of a nation is a function of quality of its
education
Consider:

– Field of specialization
– Observed problem/s in the workplace
– Theory-based solution

– Deriving a theory from prevalent

TYPES OF RESEARCH
The following are the other types of research:

1. BASIC RESEARCH
Basic research is sometimes called fundamental
research. Its aim is about discovering the basic truths or
principles, to add to scientific knowledge. The main
motivation is to expand man's knowledge, not to create
or invent something.
Most scientists believe that a basic, fundamental
understanding of all branches of science is needed in
order for progress to take place. In other words, basic
research lays down the foundation for the applied science
that follows.
SUN – potential to become a source of electricity/energy
Solar panel –developed –part of APPLIED RESEARCH
TYPES OF RESEARCH
The following are the other types of research:

1. BASIC RESEARCH
For example, basic science investigations probe
for answers to questions such as:
• How did the universe begin?
• What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed
of?
Orientation: Developing generalization, transfer
application of research results into fields practice.
2. ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION RESEARCH
A fact-finding investigation, explains phenomena
and answer why things happen.
For example, evaluation research is research
conducted to measure the effectiveness or performance
of a program, concept or campaign in achieving its
objectives.
Gulayan sa Paaralan -
3. APPLIED RESEARCH
The aim of applied research is improving a product or a process,
producing results of immediate practical application.
Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the
modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge. One might say
that the goal of the applied scientist is to improve the human
condition.
Applied research is also designed to solve a particular
problem in a particular circumstance, such as determining the
cause of low morale in a given department of an organization.
Orientation: Developing generalization, transfer
application of research results into field practice.
3. APPLIED RESEARCH

For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to:

• improve agricultural crop production
• treat or cure a specific disease
• improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or
modes of transportation
Some scientists feel that the time has come for a shift in
emphasis away from purely basic research and toward applied
science. This trend, they feel, is necessitated by the problems
resulting from global overpopulation, pollution, and the overuse of
the earth's natural resources.
4. ACTION RESEARCH
Action research is a methodology that combines
action and research to examine specific questions, issues
or phenomena through observation and reflection, and
deliberate intervention to improve practice.