ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ The endocrine
system controls and
regulates body
processes. Generally,
the endocrine system
is in control of the
mechanisms in the
body that slowly take
place
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ such as cell
growth.
▪ Rapid processes,
such as body
movement and
breathing, are
controlled by the
nervous system.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ such as cell
growth.
▪ Rapid processes,
such as body
movement and
breathing, are
controlled by the
nervous system.
Function of
Endocrine System
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ The endocrine system is
composed of glands that
secrete different types of
hormones that affect
almost every cell, organ,
and function of our body.
It is essential in regulating
growth and development,
metabolism, as well as
reproductive processes
and mood.
How does your
endocrine system
function?
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ Endocrine glands
secrete chemicals
known as
hormones into the
bloodstream, which
carries them
throughout the
body.
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
▪ When a hormone in the
blood reaches the target
organ, it produces a
notable effect. The
endocrine system sends
signals all over the body,
much like the nervous
system, but unlike the
instant responses activated
by the nervous system, the
effects can take a few
hours or even weeks
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
AND THEIR
HORMONES
 PITUITARY GLAND
▪ at the base of the brain
▪ Oxytocin, Vasopressin,
Growth Hormone,
Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin,
Luteinizing Hormone,
Follicle Stimulating
Hormone (FSH)
▪ stimulates growth, and
controls the functions of
other glands
 THYROID GLAND
▪ below the voice box
▪ Thyroxin,
Calcitonin
▪ Rulates body
metabolism, and
causes storage of
calcium in bones
 PARATHYROID GLAND
▪ in the neck
▪ Parathyromone
▪ controls the
calcium levels in
your body, and
normalizes bone
growth
 THYMUS GLAND
▪ In front of the
heart
▪ Thymosin
▪ enables the body to
produce certain
antibodies
 ADRENAL GLAND
▪ On top of the
kidney
▪ Adrenaline
▪ prepares the body
for action, controls
the heart rate and
breathing in times of
emergency
 PACREAS
▪ Between the
kidneys
▪ Insulin,
Glucagon
▪ Regulates blood
sugar levels
 TESTES
▪ Lower abdomen
▪ Androgen,
Testosterone
▪ Control maturation
and male
characteristics
 OVARIES
▪ Lower abdomen
▪ Estrogen,
Progesterone
▪ Influence female traits,
and support
reproductive function
EFFECTS OF
HORMONES IN THE
BODY
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Several processes in the body are coordinated by
hormones which regulate and balance the working of
organs, tissues, and cells. The endocrine system
influences how your heart beats, how your bones
and tissues develop, and even your capacity to have
a baby. It plays an essential role in the occurrence of
disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disease, growth
disorders, and/or sexual dysfunction
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Both men and women produce hormones in the same areas with one exception,
the reproductive glands. Additional male hormones are produced in the testes
while female hormones are produced in the ovaries.
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Some hormones have short-term effects while
other hormones have long-term effects such
as those that control our growth and the
changes at the onset of puberty. During
puberty, there are many hormonal changes
that happen in your body. One moment you
laugh, and then suddenly you feel like crying.
Sudden mood swings are relatively caused by
the increasing number of hormones in the
body at this stage. It is therefore important to
maintain a positive outlook in life and
remember that these changes are only
temporary and will stabilize with time.
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Some hormones have short-term effects while
other hormones have long-term effects such
as those that control our growth and the
changes at the onset of puberty. During
puberty, there are many hormonal changes
that happen in your body. One moment you
laugh, and then suddenly you feel like crying.
Sudden mood swings are relatively caused by
the increasing number of hormones in the
body at this stage. It is therefore important to
maintain a positive outlook in life and
remember that these changes are only
temporary and will stabilize with time.
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Some hormones have short-term effects while
other hormones have long-term effects such
as those that control our growth and the
changes at the onset of puberty. During
puberty, there are many hormonal changes
that happen in your body. One moment you
laugh, and then suddenly you feel like crying.
Sudden mood swings are relatively caused by
the increasing number of hormones in the
body at this stage. It is therefore important to
maintain a positive outlook in life and
remember that these changes are only
temporary and will stabilize with time.
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Hormones act in very small
amounts. If the organ and
hormones do not produce the
regulated amount of chemicals to
your body, it may result in an
abnormality of your body. This
condition is called hormonal
imbalance. An increase or
decrease in its amount may have
OBESITY
a significant effect in the human
body.
 EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN THE
BODY
▪ Hormones act in very small
amounts. If the organ and
hormones do not produce the
regulated amount of chemicals to
your body, it may result in an
abnormality of your body. This
condition is called hormonal
imbalance. An increase or
decrease in its amount may have
OSTEOPOROSIS
a significant effect in the human
body.
ACTIVITY 2: Who’s in Control?
Guide Questions:
Q1. Which gland of the endocrine and nervous system controls
the other glands in the body?
Q2. How will you differentiate thyroid and parathyroid glands in
terms of location and function?
Q3. If a person’s blood sugar level becomes unstable, what
glands might be involved in the problem?
Q4. How important is the thymus gland in keeping your body free
from diseases?
Q5. What might happen to a person born without a thymus gland?
Q6. How will you explain the sudden boost of energy, increased
strength and extraordinary ability to lift very heavy objects
especially during emergency situations?