STAS 111

ORIENTATION
Grading System

Prelim – 20%
Midterm – 20%
Finals – 20%
Performance task – 40%
assignments
activity
discussion
quizzes
 STAS 111
INTRODUCTION
Objective

• By the end of the course,

• The students will appreciate the contributions of science and
technology to the world in general, and the Philippine society in
particular.

• Appraise the impact of science and technology on their personal

decision making and on living the good life and

• Make intelligent and ethical decisions that will affect society for
the good of humanity
Science

• System of knowledge of the natural world gained through the

scientific method.
• Primarily interested in the acquisition of knowledge.
• Philosophy of nature
• Philosophers of nature
• Deals with the natural world.
• Concerned with WHAT IS (exist) in the natural world.
• Focuses on Research
• Discovering natural phenomena (knowledge)
Science stemmed from the ancient Greeks desire to know about nature, philosophers
of nature, they sought to discover the truth behind material things and natural
things.
• Discovering natural phenomena (knowledge)
• System of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific method.
• Primarily interested in the acquisition of knowledge.
• Preoccupied with the “know-why” resulting in new knowledge usually disseminated
through science papers.

• Deals with the natural world.

• Concerned with WHAT IS (exist) in the natural world.
• Focuses on Research
Scientific Processes

1. Observing
2. Describing
3. Comparing
4. Classifying
5. Measuring
6. Making inference
Types of Research

1. Fundamental/Basic Research- gaining new knowledge

2. Applied-practical application

3. Mission-Oriented-accomplishing a particular mission or

technological objective
Technology

• Comes from Greek words tekhne meaning “art or craft” and logia
meaning a ‘subject or interest”.
• Practical applications of what we know about nature, using scientific
principle for the betterment of the human situation
• Is concerned with the “know-how” resulting in a new product or process
distributed for commercial consumption or appropriated through patents.
• Deals with how humans modify, change, alter or control the natural
world.
• Concerned with what can be or should be designed, made or developed
from natural world and substances to satisfy human needs and wants.
• Focuses on Development and Innovation
• Inventing new or better tools and materials.
Technology Processes

1. Identification of a specific need, desire or opportunity to be

satisfied of interest to the practitioner or technologist

2. Conceptualization of design or plan to satisfy the need or

opportunity

3. Production or execution of plan or design

4. The use of phase.

Types of Technology

1. Material technology-extraction, fabrication, processing, combination

and synthesis of materials
2. Equipment technology-design and fabrication of tools, instruments,
devices and machines.
3. Energy technology- deals with the distribution of various forms of
energy such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydrothermal.
4. Information technology- based on machines that collect, store, process,
retrieve, transmit and utilize data or information.
5. Life technology- these are devices, medicines, procedures and systems
designed to preserve, repair, maintain, reproduce and improve living
systems.
6. Management technology - Planning, organization, coordination and
control of social activities
Type of Technology First wave Second wave Third wave
Materials technologies Copper, bronze, iron, Steel, aluminium, Polymers,
glass, ceramic, paper dyes, plastics, semiconductors, liquid
petrochemicals crystals,
superconductors

Equipment Plough, lathe, mills Engines, motors, Laser tools, micro

technologies and pumps, spinning turbines, machine processors' robots
wheel tools
Energy technologies Wood and charcoal, Coal, oil, hydroelectric Solar cells, synthetic
wind power, water power, geothermal fuels, nuclear fusion
power power
Information Printing, books and Typewriter, telephone, Computers, fibre
technologies letters, messengers radio, telegraph, TV optics, artificial
intelligence
Life technologies Traditional agriculture, Mechanized Hydroponics, artificial
animal breeding, agriculture, surgery, organs, genetic
herbal antibiotics, food engineering
 Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological
sophistication.

1. First Wave Technology

• Agricultural Age-

2. Second Wave technology

• comprising the industrial technologies

3. Third-Wave technology
• comprising the post-industrial or the high technologies
Society

• an organized group of people associated as members of a

community.
• people in general thought of as living together in organized
communities with shared laws, traditions and values.

• Development -which involves transforming research findings into

prototype inventions of new materials, devices and processes.
• Innovation- involves commercialization of prototype inventions of
Research and Development into marketable products or processes.
• Research- a process of acquiring new knowledge.
Evolution of Societies

1. Hunter and Gatherer Societies- the most primitive of all societies.

2. Shifting and Farming- e.g. slash and burn farming
3. Agricultural and Mining Societies- both depend on the natural
resources of the world to sustain the needs of people but both entail
the risk of environmental damage
4. Manufacturing and Processing Societies-the use of coal marked
the start of industrialization.
5. Synthesizing and Recycling Societies- production of synthetic
food and other resources and recycling of nonrenewable resources.