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Kemija

Orhideja
Autorica prezentacije: Nikol Šmigmator 1.b
Što je orhideja?
 Orhideja je naziv za sve biljke iz
porodice Orchidaceae
 Orhideje su druga najveća porodica
Anthophyta
 U današnjici su vrlo popularne te ih
mnogi smatraju Kraljicom cvijeća
 Poznato je oko 900 rodova orhideja
koji sadrže više od 30000 vrsta
 Vrlo su rasprostranjene po svijetu te
su jedina područja gdje ih nema
pustinje i arktik
Uzrok boje cvijeta orhideje
 Boje cvjetova orhideja, kao i kod svih ostalih biljaka rezultat
su jedinstvene kombinacije prirodnih bojila (klorofila,
karotenoida i flavonoida) svake biljke
 Crvena, ružičasta, plava i ljubičasta boja cvijeća prvenstveno
dolazi od pigmenata koji se nazivaju antocijanini koji
spadaju u flavonoide
 Karotenoidi su organski pigmenti koje proizvode biljke, oni
uzrokuju da cvjetovi budu obojeni žutom, narančastom ili
crvenom bojom
Neke od vrsta antocijanina (C15H11O+)

Neke od vrsta kartenoida (C40H56)


Građa klorofila
 Orhideje kao i većina biljaka imaju zelene listove i stabljiku, a uzrok tomu je
zeleni pigment klorofil koji im služi za provođenje fotosinteze
 Klorofil je smjesa a klorofila (C55H7205N4Mg) i b klorofila (C55H7006N4Mg),
najčešće u omjeru a:b=5:1
 Pripada skupini prirodnih bojila

Građa a klorofila Građa b klorofila


Miris orhideje
 Kako postoji puno različitih vrsta orhideja, one imaju i
varijacije u mirisu, od onih koje nemaju gotovo
nikakav miris kao što je Phalaenopsis, do onih sa vrlo
intenzivnim mirisom kao što je Brassavola nodosa
 Uzrok mirisa kod nekih orhideja su terpenoidi,
fenilpropanoidi/benzenoidi, derivati ​masnih kiselina i
derivati ​aminokiselina
 Neke orhideje proizvode kemijske spojeve koje
privlače isključivo kukce, a nama su vrlo odbojni kao
što su α-pinen, β-pinen, β-mircen i β-felandren Neke od vrsta terpenoida ((C5H8)n)

4-Coumaroyl-CoA (C30H42N7O18P3S) – središnji biosintetski prekursor fenilpropanoida


Spojevi koje orhideje proizvode (svi pripadaju terpenima)

α-pinen (C10H16)
β-mircen (C10H16)

β-pinen (C10H16) β-felandren (C10H16)


Mini eksperiment: Miris orhideja roda Phalaenopsis
Pitanje: Da li je doista nemoguće osjetiti miris orhideja iz roda Phalaenopsis te ako je,
ovisi li to o dobi ili spolu čovjeka?

Uvod: Phalaenopsis, poznat i kao moljčeva orhideja, je rod od oko sedamdeset vrsta
biljaka u obitelji Orchidaceae. Na temelju različitih istraživanja zaključeno je da ljudi
nemogu osjetiti miris njenih cvijetova. Cilj ovog mini istraživanja je dokazati ili dovesti u
propitkivanje ovu tezu.

Hipoteza: Za čovjeka nevezano o dobi ili spolu nije moguće osjetiti miris orhideja iz
roda Phalaenopsis.

Materijali: 6 orhideja roda Phalaenopsis, 5 sudionika u testiranju

Metoda: 5 osoba različite dobi i spola će pomirišati 6 različitih orhideja roda


Phalaenopsis te će njihova opažanja biti zabilježena u tablici (+ ako su osjetili miris i –
ako nisu)
Rezultati mini eksperimenta
- : sudionik nije osjetio miris
+ : sudionik je osjetio miris
Sudionik Orhideja 1. Orhideja 2. Orhideja 3. Orhideja 4. Orhideja 5. Orhideja 6.

1. (F15) - - - - - -

2. (F21) - - - - - -

3. (F50) - - - - - -

4. (M51) - - - - - -

5. (F75) - - - - - -

Zaključak: Na temelju opažanja možemo zaključiti da je hipoteza točna, to jest da doista nije moguće da čovjek
osjeti miris orhideje roda Phalaenopsis nevezano uz dob ili spol te osobe
Informacije
Izvori
1. https://www.wikipedia.org/
2. https://www.enciklopedija.hr/
3. Značajke uporabe orhideje u tradicionalnoj medicini - https://supermg.com/
4. https://horticulture.co.uk/phalaenopsis/
5. American Orchid Society -
https://www.aos.org/orchids/aos-video-library/anthocyanin.aspx#:~:text=The%20natural%20pigment%2C%20anthocyanin%2C%20plays,
of%20plants%20from%20UV%20radiation
.
Slike
1. https://imperij.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Screenshot_
&psig=AOvVaw2E1_d8j6_VniaUmZYaajIs&ust=1687173687071000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCJCt6t3ZzP8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
2. https://www.hootinvitations.com.au/images/large/Flower-Heads-Silk-Orchids-Hot-Pink-largemyimage.jpg20210710_062153.jpeg
3. https://www.orchidsnewguinea.com/orchid-image/zX51RlNG3NwYwUnG8C3VPqkbGNfeQgyLzWkRes8IoUdtUXlsZfdt3pLMBKL4jxjdUln4yPTv0kXWslvBWRPPFSbwHv_q-i-
4lImADztFrDALPm2u8RmkvHD9r5O3gE82jvCt_ybQdSV7Nr6q1zgDnDRZDliLpP38B4ND3j7UbXSNBgR4zCyffN0pIX1GM8Pr8g0fKexQKWafK0TTRd8nmJK1pO4halsk1hDI7VWaVfHgQjhcb89V9DO9GKwltsXlE-
khvAXuPYgZcpoDWZ0LIE6OX-pknETx0kGauayElHk
4. https://previews.123rf.com/images/firina/firina1611/firina161100029/68601154-pink-orchid-flower-flower-head-single-object-isolated-on-white-background-clipping-path-included.jpg
5. https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-B9780123849472001203-f00120-01-9780123849472.gif
6.
7.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fagroekonomija.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F01%2F13%2Fantocijani-2%2F
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8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319645034/figure/fig2/AS:538047554437120@1505291941099/Examples-of-different-classes-of-terpenoids.png
9. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/4-Coumaroyl-CoA.svg/1200px-4-Coumaroyl-CoA.svg.png
10. https://i5.walmartimages.com/asr/72e8f8c9-1a4c-410f-a702-909ecc4b4454.4898f53e86ff5c8cd346879945ad3aa4.jpeg?odnHeight=768&odnWidth=768&odnBg=FFFFFF
11. https://www.jrroses.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/phalaenopsis-white-kobe-bloom.png.webp
12. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%28%2B%29-a-Pinen.svg/800px-%28%2B%29-a-Pinen.svg.png
13. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%28-%29-b-Pinen.svg/1200px-%28-%29-b-Pinen.svg.png
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15. https://www.laboratoriumzielarza.pl/userdata/public/assets//Felandreny.jpg
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