Phytochemical Analysis

What is meant by Phytochemical

Analysis?

- it refers to the extraction,

screening and identification of the
medicinally active substances found in
plants.
Types of Phytochemical Compounds
Polyphenols- micronutrients that naturally
occur in plants.
Terpenoids- Any of a class of hydrocarbons
that consist of terpenes attached to an oxygen-
containing group.
Alkaloids- a class of naturally occurring
organic nitrogen-containing compounds that
are frequently found in the plant kingdom.
Phytosterols – a group of naturally
occurring compounds found in plant
cell membranes.

Organosulfur compounds- organic

molecules that contain sulfur.
Phenolic Compounds

- Are large class of plant secondary metabolites,

showing a diversity of structures, from rather simple
structures.

- Are considered to contribute to the health

benefits associated to dietary consumption of fruits and
vegetables.
Types of Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic acids

Flavonoids

Tanins

Coumarins

Lignans
Antioxidants froms Trees
Trees

 Plantsthat usable as lumber or plants above a

specified height.

 A tall plant with a trunk and branches made of wood.

 Is
a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk,
usually supporting branches and leaves.
 Cinchona


Quina (sientific name)
 Alkaloids

 known as Peruvian bark and is the member

of Rubiaceae family.
 is a tree used for increasing appetite; promoting
the release of digestive juices; and treating
bloating, fullness, and other stomach problems.
It is also used for blood vessel disorders
including hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and leg
cramps.
Cinchona Plant Bark
 Major Chemical Properties and
Structure

 Quinine

The chemical formula of quinine is

C2OH24N2O2.
Quinine is an alkaloid of Cinchona, which

belongs to the aryl amino alcohols group of

drugs.
 has also a toxic effect, due to overdose.
 Cinchonine

 chemically expressed as C19H22N2O.

 Compared with quinine, it has less toxicity and high

activity than other quinine-associated compounds.

 It is used as an antimicrobial agent and is widely

used to fight influenza, fever, dysentery, amoebiasis,
and schizonticide. It acts as a mild irritant to the
gastric mucosa.
 Quinidine

 chemically expressed as C20H24N2O2.

 Is anti-malaria and anti-arrhythmia.

 is a medication used to restore normal sinus

rhythm, treat atrial fibrillation and flutter, and
treat ventricular arrythmias.
 Cinchonidine

Cinchonidine chemically expressed as C19H22N2O

 Is an antimalarial drug which has been used clinically

in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
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