Paper Charcoal with Lemongrass

Cymbopogon Citratus Extract

in Killing Mosquitoes
Aedes Aegypti
Group 1

Abanto, Pear Joyce Maceda, Angel Hope

Calawag, Connie Joy Zamora, Cherryl
Gumawa, Jessrelle
 CHAPTER I
Background of the Study

• Dengue is a major public health issue in the tropics and subtropics

worldwide, with over 100 countries endemic to the virus. In the
Philippines, the risk of transmission is highest during and immediately
following the rainy season.

• According to an article to new tech bio, lemon grass is very popular

and use for medicinal, food and insect repellent product. In the
Philippines, it has local named known as “Tanglad.” The common
belief is that lemongrass oil can help get rid of mosquitoes its smell
alone, which mosquitoes apparently abhor.
 Background of the Study

•Charcoal is a key component of the Black Carbon (BC) continuum.

Charcoal is an important source of paleoenvironmental data and a
potential carbon sink due to its high apparent environmental stability.

•Paper is the major contributor of solid waste by either weight or

volume. Yet it is highly recyclable and can be manufactured into some
other materials. Thus, paper charcoal was introduced as an alternative
for charcoal.
• Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is a global concern with
a 30-fold increase in incidence over the past 50 years. The Philippines,
with high cases of the disease, uses repellants like lotions, incense,
and mosquito coils.
 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of newspaper

charcoal with lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus extract in different
concentrations as mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What is the effectiveness of newspaper charcoal with
lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus extract in different
concentrations in killing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti?

2. Is there a significant difference in the effectiveness of

newspaper charcoal and lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus extract
in different concentrations in killing mosquitoes Aedes aegypti?
 Hypothesis

The researchers hypothesized that:

1. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of
newspaper charcoal and lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus
extract in different concentrations in killing mosquitoes Aedes
aegypti.
 Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

The paradigm below

shows the relationship of the Treatment A

dependent and independent 100g Newspaper Charcoal

variables in the effectiveness Treatment B

of newspaper charcoal and 25g Newspaper Charcoal and

lemongrass Cymbopogon
75ml Lemongrass Extract

Effectiveness as Mosquitoes Killer

citratus extract in different

Treatment C
 Number of Mosquitoes
50g Newspaper Charcoal and

concentration in killing 50ml Lemongrass Extract killed in 10 minutes

mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. Treatment D

75g Newspaper Charcoal and

25ml Lemongrass Extract

Treatment E

Negative Control-Commercial

Mosquito killer
 Significance of the Study

The primary beneficiaries of this study are as follows:

• Children. Through this study, children will benefit the most because
knowledge of mosquito repellent will enable them to prevent possible
disease.
• Parents. Through this study, the knowledge of the parents regarding paper
charcoal smoke with lemon grass leaves as mosquito repellent would be
increased and prevention could be done to avoid more serious damage to
their children’s health.
• General Public. The information will be valuable to the public in providing
them with information about the effects of using paper charcoal with
lemongrass extract as mosquito repellant. The information could be used
to persuade the public to utilize this kind of mosquito repellant to prevent
possible disease.
 Significance of the Study
•Researchers. Other researchers may be able to utilize the data of this
study as this will serve as source of additional information and reference
if they ever pursue a study in the same field of interest. Future
researchers could also use this study to compare and analyze with their
own research.
•Mosquito Killer Products Industry. Through this study, it will help
mosquito killer product industry gain knowledge for manufacturing
alternatives to kill mosquitoes that is culturally accepted and accessible
to people.
•Department of Health. Through this study, it will benefit DOH because
the information that will be gathered will be used to further expand their
knowledge on how to lessen the spread of diseases caused by
mosquitoes.
 Scope and Limitations of the study

This research study focuses on knowing the effectivity of paper

charcoal with lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus extract as mosquito
Aedes Aegypti. To know the effectiveness of the said product, the
researchers will conduct an experiment which will be held in the
vicinity of Brgy. Igburi, Patnongon, Antique. The study focused on
lemongrass extract and paper charcoal as the ingredient in making the
said mosquito killer.
 Definition of Terms

The following are the common terms that are defined

operationally:
•Lemongrass. A fragrant tropical grass which yields an oil that smells of
lemon. It is widely used in Asian cooking and in perfumery and
medicine.
•Newspapers. A printed publication (usually issued daily or weekly)
consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, feature
articles, advertisements, and correspondence.
•Mosquito. A slender long-legged fly with aquatic larvae. The bite of
the bloodsucking female can transmit a number of serious diseases
including malaria and encephalitis.
 Definition of Terms

•Paper charcoal. Are made by soaking waste paper overnight and

forming it into a cube size which are left to dry into the sun.

•Extract. To remove or take out something.

•Mosquito killer Products. It is a substance put on skin, clothing, or

other surfaces which discourages mosquitoes from landing or crawling
on that surface.
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
•This chapter reviews literature on paper charcoal and lemongrass
Cymbopogon citratus extract in killing mosquito Aedes Aegypti. Paper
charcoal, made from soaked papers, is an eco-friendly alternative fuel
for cooking and can be used by local communities during rainy seasons.
Eucalyptus paper charcoal is a low-cost and organic charcoal that can
be used to ward off insects and provide a pleasant aroma while cooking
meals. Lemongrass essential oil, rich in phytoconstituents, has been
found to be a natural meat preservative, providing protection against
microorganisms and increasing shelf-life. It also opens new perspectives
for managing storage fungi, which can deteriorate food quality and
cause food-borne diseases.
 Review of Related Literature
• Inthe study conducted by Zabala (2019), the potential of eucalyptus
paper charcoal as a low cost and organic charcoal that could be used by
local communities to ward off insects such as mosquitoes and provide a
pleasant aroma while at the same time cooking their meals. This
innovation can potentially be used in other charcoal derivatives and
could be further studied by promoting other local and indigenous
materials.
•According to Hogarh et al. (2018), the mosquito coil is a mosquito
repelling incense-like product formulated from a paste of granulated
insecticide and a filler, such as sodas and other solid materials, and
then extruded into a coiled shape. Most mosquito coils are formulated
to allow approximately 8 hours of continuous moldering, such that the
insecticide vaporizes slowly to offer protection against the mosquito.
 Review of Related Literature

•Paper charcoal with lemongrass extract may become effective in killing

mosquitoes due t its citronella compound that helps to mask the scents
that mosquitoes rely on to target hosts which is carbon dioxide and
lactic acid. Even though Aedes aegypti is an efficient vector of dengue
due to its highly adaptive nature to the urban environment, still it can
possibly kill through the use of mosquito coil because it contains
products such as CO, VOCs, SO2, NO2, particulate matter, and other
solid materials.
 CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology

1. Research Design

•The research will employ an experimental approach to determine the

effectiveness of lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus extract with paper
charcoal in killing mosquitoes Aedes Aegypti in Barangay Igburi,
Patnongon, Antique. The experiment will be conducted over a period of
1 month to determine the efficacy of lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus
extract with paper charcoal in killing mosquitoes Aedes Aegypti.
2. Materials and Method

2.1 Collection of Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus and Newspaper

Charcoal
Lemongrass and newspaper were collected from the source.

2.2 Boiling and Extracting of lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus and

Newspaper charcoal
Lemongrass leaves were washed thoroughly with the running
water. Lemongrass leaves was boiled to 5000 ml tap water. Boiling
lemongrass leaves for 30 minutes. Newspapers are cut into pieces.
Lemongrass will be mixed to Newspaper for 3 nights.
2.3 Preparation of Treatments

The lemongrass leaves extraction was measure using beaker,

having a 75 ml for treatment B, 50 ml for treatment C, and 25 ml for
treatment D. And pack of starch (gewgaw) powder, 100% solution is
equal to 2000 ml and 50% solution is equal to 1000 ml. Newspapers
also measured using weighing scale, 100 g for treatment A, 25 g for
treatment B, 50 g for treatment C, and 75 g for treatment D. For
treatment E, negative control – commercial mosquito killer for one trial
in every treatment for 10 minutes.
2.4 Preparation of Cultured Mosquitoes
Five (5) netted mosquito cages was prepared with equal
direction. The mosquito larvae were collected and put to black cup
container to be put inside the mosquito net and let it grow as a
mosquito for 12 days until it is needed to be tested.

2.5 Exterminating Treatment Test (Experimentation)

The cultured mosquito in black plastic container were put to
mosquito cage and labelled. After 12 days, the cultured mosquitos grow
and tested using the five treatment with one trial in ten minutes each.
After the given time killed mosquitoes in every treatment will be
recorded.
3. Procedure

3.1 Materials Collection

Lemongrass and newspaper will be collected from the source. It
will be collected from the Municipality of Patnongon, Province of
Antique.

3.2 Boiling and Extracting of lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus

Lemon grass leaves will be washed thoroughly with the running
water. Lemongrass will be boiled to 5000 ml tap water. Boiling
lemongrass leaves for 30 minutes. Lemongrass will be mixed to paper
for 3 nights. After soaking, it will be moulded using the moulder and let
it dry under the sun.
3.3 Preparations of Treatment

•Treatment A - 100g Newspaper Charcoal

•Treatment B - 25g Newspaper Charcoal and 75ml Lemongrass Extract
•Treatment C - 50g Newspaper Charcoal and 50ml Lemongrass Extract
•Treatment D - 75g Newspaper Charcoal and 25ml Lemongrass Extract
•Treatment E - Negative control- Commercial Mosquito killer

3.4 Preparation of Cultured Mosquito

A black basin will be half– filled with water, put in a dim area of the backyard of
the house for 1 week to enhance the growth of mosquito larvae. Then 5 mosquito
larvae will be collected and put to black cup container, place inside the mosquito
net and let it grow as a mosquito for 12 days until it is needed to be tested.
4. Risk and Safety
The risk in conducting the study is the mosquito bites in
preparing the cultured mosquito considering the area where it is place.
Insect bites when collecting Lemongrass leaves. And bacteria when
gathering used paper. The proper safety steps will be done. Use safety
gear, wear clothes that fits in the area that would be visit. Use lotions
for the protection, gloves and other tools to make the data gathering
safe.
5. Data Gathering Procedures
After 12 days the mosquito will grow. For the smoke of charcoal
paper exterminating test. Put the mosquito net with the mosquito to
higher area and place the can with charcoal paper under it. Make sure
that the smoke will cover up the mosquito net. Test the treatments for
ten minutes. Result will be base to the number of mosquitos killed.
 Process Flow

Newspaper Charcoal Lemongrass Extract

The newspaper soaked in the water Lemongrass were washed

thoroughly with the running water

Cut the newspaper into pieces and

Lemongrass leaves was boiled to
let it smoothens
500ml tap water within 30 minutes

The newspaper will be mixed to

Lemongrass will be mixed to
lemongrass for 3 nights
newspaper for three nights

Mold the mixed lemongrass extract

and newspaper into Paper Charcoal Mold the mixed lemongrass extract

and newspaper into Paper Charcoal

Paper Charcoal with Lemongrass

Extract
6. Data Analysis

5.2 Statistical Analysis

ANOVA will be used to determine the difference between the

two or more means set as 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance.
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