GROUP 2

ESSAY
• CONSIGNA, EUVIEL O.
• CONTE, GLORY GRACE
• CALAG, ANNA MAE MIRA
• CORBETA, EVE
• CORBETA, JAIM EULA
CONTEN
TS
• ELEMENTS OF
ESSAY
• TYPES OF ESSAY
 UNDERSTANDING THE
• Generally classified as non-fiction

ESSAY
• The ESSAY is a literary type in which a writer states an opinion
and explains his or her reasons for this opinion.
• It is a prose composition of any length intended to present a
tentative exploration or evaluation of a subject.
• A prose composition is not an essay if it attempts to present its
viewpoint as the last word or all that can be said on a particular
subject.
 UNDERSTANDING THE
ESSAY received its name from the title of Michel
ESSAY
de Montague's first collection of short prose
writings-ESSAIS or attempts-and from its
beginning, it was considered an "attempt" to
communicate. The word ESSAY has a cognate
ASSAY which means to test or to evaluate.
ELEMENT
S OF THE
ESSAY
 THEME AND
WHAT IS THE MAIN POINT OF THE ESSAY?

CONTENT
• trivial, commonplace, unusual, controversial.
• appraise, criticize, expand, comment, lament, celebrate
• human nature, social conditions, manners, politics, attitudes, art
• creating a single impression or producing a single effect with the work
• present ideas, describe events, interpret experiences
 FORM AND
HOW ARE IDEAS ORDERED TO ACHIEVE A
SINGLEand
EFFECT?
STRUCTURE
• unity of expression, coherence
• orderly, systematic, logical manner
cohesion

• three basic parts: introduction, main body, conclusion

• two major patterns: inductive and deductive
• expository devices: definition, description, narration,
analogy
THREE
BASIC
PARTS
• INTRODUCTION
• MAIN BODY
• CONCLUSION
 FORM AND
THREE BASIC PARTS:
• Introduction-
STRUCTURE
• The introduction grabs the reader's attention and gives an overview
of the essay.
• The introduction serves as a roadmap for your essay, outlining the
main points or sections that will be covered.
• By providing a preview of what's to come, you can pique the curiosity of your
readers and motivate them to continue reading.
 FORM AND
THREE BASIC PARTS:
2. Main Body-
STRUCTURE
• An essay includes body paragraphs which develop the main idea
(thesis or claim) of the essay.
• The main body of the essay is where you present your ideas,
arguments, and evidence.
• It is divided into paragraphs to help organize and structure your
thoughts.
 FORM AND
THREE BASIC PARTS:
3. Conclusion-
•
STRUCTURE
the final section of the essay and it wraps up the main points
discussed in the essay.
• It restates the thesis statement in a different way and summarizes the
key arguments or evidence presented in the main body.
• The conclusion also provides a closing thought or a call to action, leaving the reader
with something to think about or encouraging them to take further action.
 TWO
MAJOR
PATTERNS
• DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• INDUCTIVE REASONING
 FORM AND
TWO MAJOR PATTERNS:
1. Inductive reasoning
STRUCTURE
• involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations
or evidence.
• It starts with specific examples and then makes a generalization or
prediction.
FOR EXAMPLE: IF YOU OBSERVE THAT EVERY TIME YOU EAT A CERTAIN FOOD,
YOU GET A STOMACHACHE, YOU MIGHT CONCLUDE THAT THE FOOD IS
CAUSING YOUR STOMACHACHE.
 FORM AND
TWO MAJOR PATTERNS:

STRUCTURE
2. Deductive reasoning
• involves starting with a general principle or theory and applying it
to specific situations to draw conclusions.
• It uses logic and reasoning to arrive at a specific conclusion.

For example: if you know that all mammals have hair and a dog is a
mammal, you can deduce that the dog has hair.
 LANGUAGE AND
WHAT MAKES THE ESSAY LITERARY?
• mode or tone, attitude, and sensibility of the
essayist STYLE
• whimsical, humorous, matter-of-fact, satirical,
serious, optimistic
• diction, choice of topics, personal bias or attitude.
TYPES OF
ESSAYS
THE TWO GENERAL
TYPE:
 1. FORMAL OR
•
IMPERSONAL ESSAY
deals with serious and important topics like
philosophy, theology, science, and politics
• It has authoritative and scholarly style, and shows the
writer's masterful grasp of the topic.
• Its formal tone echoes a detached, objective, clear,
straightforward expression. Mainly the purpose is to
teach and instruct.
 2. INFORMAL OR FAMILIAR
• Covers the light, ordinary, and even commonplace subjects
ESSAY
through a bubbling, casual, conversational, friendly, often
humorous, but equally insightful stance as the formal essay.
• The familiar essay appeals more to the emotion than to the
intellect, touching the sensitivity first, then the mind.
• Often, the personality of the author is revealed through
a fluid style and light treatment of the topic.
TYPES OF
ESSAYS
THE SPECIFIC TYPE:
 A. REFLECTIVE
• serious in tone and dignified in style, this type is
mainly aphoristic. Its short and sharp "quotable
quotes" or choice maxims cut deep into memory
like a proverb or an adage. The subject matter
spurs thinking and rouses keen observation.
 B. NARRATIVE
• uses an incident or event, not for the sake
of the story but to shape the theme.
Narration is often used more to make the
idea clear and endearing than to present a
plodding plot.
 C. DESCRIPTIVE
• add vividness, reality, and animation to
the narrative essay by providing visual
details and sensory experiences, creating
a vivid picture in the reader's mind.
 d. speculative
• theories or poses some questions on an
interesting subject or it may just ramble
along aimlessly, merely speculating and
prying into some problems.
 e.biographical
• portrays characters or sketches life, not simply
chronicling it. It is analytical and
interpretative, depending upon which side of
the character or individual is emphasized. This
is also known as character essay
 f. nature
• aims to picture the world of trees, flowers, birds,
mountains, animals and plants. It may either be
pictorial or reflective or both depending upon the
mood and aim of the writer. e writer. It always
possesses the human touch and sensitiveness to the
beauty of the outdoor life.
 g. critical
• includes biography, literary
criticism, book reviews, and other
prose compositions that aim at
analytical judgment upon literature.
 h. didactic
• enforces a moral lesson.
• It is serious and has the
tone of a teacher
 i. scientific
• explaining or trying to convince. It does away with moods
and fancies, but concentrates wholly on driving a lesson.

• contains excellent logic, clarity of expression and organized

presentation of the sequence of ideas.
• It is purely expository in nature, objective in method, a
system that practically leaves no room for the exposition of
the writer's personality.
 HOW TO READ AN ESSAY
1. Decide who is speaking. Is the piece written from the
first person or the third person point of view?
2. Determine the writer's attitude toward the subject. Is the
writer admiring? critical?
3. Make use of your own experience on the topic. What
you know will help you understand what you read.
T H ANK
YOU
Writing is not merely an act of
expression, it is a contribution to the
ever-expanding library of human
insight.