UNIT - 2

ELECTRICITY
 YEAR – 9
Topic: 2.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE
Learning Objectives:

1. To understand what is electric charge.

2. To Explain how two charged particles interact
with one another.
Key Words:
electron, proton, neutron,
electricity, charge, coulomb
 Success Criteria:

1. To label the constituents of an atom on a

diagram.
2. State the two types of electrical charge and recall
the charge that electrons and protons carry.
3. To explain the law of electric charge.
Key Words:
electron, proton, neutron,
electricity, charge, coulomb
 Key Words:
STARTER: electron, proton, neutron,
electricity, charge, coulomb
Structure of an Atom
 Attracting and repelling
Matter can be broken down into
particles too small to be seen by
the eye. These particles are
called atoms.

There are three basic parts of an atom:

1.Electrons have a negative charge
2.Protons have a positive charge
Charge is a property
3.Neutrons have no charge of a particle or
object, just like mass.
 The protons and neutrons are always in the center of the atom.
Scientists call the center of the atom the nucleus.

The electrons are always found whizzing around the center in areas called
orbitals.

Sub atomic Charge Mass

particle
Proton +1 1
Neutron 0 1
Electron -1 Close to 0 (1/2000)

Q1 How many protons, neutrons and 1. Protons = 2, Neutrons = 2, Electrons = 2

electrons are there in this atom? 2. Overall an atom has no charge: it is
Q2 What is the overall charge of an neutral. Atoms contain equal numbers of
atom? Explain your answer. protons and electrons.
 Attracting and repelling
• There are two types of electric
charge: Positive charge (+) and
negative charge (-).
• Charged particles, or charges,
attract or repel each other, just like
magnets do. There is an electrostatic
force between charges.
Attract means to get REPEL positive charges
• Positive charges ______
closer or approach. REPEL negative charges
• Negative charges ______

Repel means to push • Positive charges _______

ATTRACT negative charges

away. Remember it like this: ‘Like charges repel, unlike

charges attract.’
 Charge,
Electric charge, , is a physical quantity.
It can be measured and therefore has a numerical
value and a unit.

What is the unit for charge? What is the unit symbol?

Unit of charge:
Example: coulomb, C
The charge of a typical thundercloud is
300 C
Charge: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d01MSvSiX4
There are many different types particles in the
Universe.
Each type of particle has certain properties.
Mass is one property.
Charge is another property.

Charge comes in two forms: positive and negative.

Like charges repel. Opposite charges attract.
A particle or composite body with no net charge is
neutral.
Conservation of Charge
• When you charge something by any method, no
charges are created or destroyed.
• The numbers of electrons and protons stay the
same. Electrons simply move from one atom to
another, which makes areas that have different
charges.
 Key Words:
Must Task: electron, proton, neutron,
electricity, charge, coulomb
How Can You Charge Objects?
• There are 3 ways objects can be charged:
1. Friction
2. Conduction
3. Induction

**In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in
the nucleus**
Friction: Details in lesson 2
• Charging by friction occurs when electrons are “wiped” from one object
onto another.

Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler, electrons move from the cloth to the
ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth loses electrons.
Group Task:
GROUP 1
GROUP 2:

Write the values of

following:
1. Charge of one electron?
2. Charge on one proton?
3. Charge on one neutron?
4. Unit and symbol of
Charge?
Group Task:

GROUP 3
1. ) What name is given to the rate of flow of charge?
2. Research: what is quantisation of charge?
 Quick Quiz Questions
Attract means to get closer or
(1) Write the definition of the key words: attract and repel. approach. Repel means to push away.

(2) State the two types of electric charge. Positive and Negative

(3) State the names of the three sub-atomic particles. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Proton is positive, neutron is
(4) What is the charge of a proton, neutron and electron? neutral, electron is negative.

(5) What is the nucleus made out of? Protons and Neutrons
Atoms have an equal number
(6) Explain why atoms are neutral?
of protons and electrons.
(7) Complete the sentences below:

• Positive charges attracts/repels positive charges Repels

• Positive charges attracts/repels negative charges Attracts

An atom loses two electrons. What is the charge of the
ion? +3.2 x 10-19 C

An atom gains three electrons. What is the charge of

the ion?
–4.8 x 10-19 C

In either case, has the total charge actually changed?

No! It has just been moved around.

Fundamental law:
The total charge of any system is always conserved.