General Biology 1 Grade 11

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
TYPES OF Define aerobic and
anaerobic respiration

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Differentiate aerobic and
anaerobic respiration
Differentiate aerobic from
anaerobic respiration
(STEM_BIO11/12- IIa-j- Recognize the importance
6) of aerobic and anaerobic
respiration in our daily life.
What is Aerobic Respiration?

Aerobic respiration is a set of metabolic reactions

that take place in the presence of oxygen,
occurring in a cell to convert chemical energy into
ATPs.
Aerobic Respiration
• Aerobic respiration takes place in all plants, animals,
birds, and humans, except for some primitive
prokaryotes.
• In aerobic respiration, oxygen acts as an electron
acceptor which helps produce ATPs more effectively
and more quickly.
• The double bond in the oxygen has higher energy than
other bonds which aids to produce more ATPs.
Aerobic Respiration
• It is the preferred method of degradation of pyruvate after
glycolysis where the pyruvate then enters the mitochondria to
be fully oxidized during the Kreb’s cycle.
• The process of aerobic respiration is utilized for the oxidation
of carbohydrates, but products from fats and proteins are also
used as reactants.
• Carbon dioxide gas and water are the two products of aerobic
respiration along with the energy that is used to add a third
phosphate group to ADP and form ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
• Other energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2 are
converted into ATP via electron transport chain with oxygen
and protons.
• During aerobic respiration, most ATPs are produced during
oxidative phosphorylation where the energy of oxygen
molecule is used to pump protons out of the membrane.
• The passage of protons creates a potential that is then used to
initiate ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a
phosphate group.
Aerobic Respiration
• Ideally, a total of 38 ATPs are produced at the end of the aerobic
respiration. However, some energy is lost due to leaking of the
membrane or the cost of moving pyruvate through the cell, as a
result of which about 29 – 30 ATPs are only produced.
• Aerobic respiration results in complete oxidation of
carbohydrate molecules which take place in the mitochondria of
eukaryotic cells as the enzymes for the process are present
there.
Aerobic Respiration
What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Anaerobic respiration is a process of cellular

respiration where the high energy electron
acceptor is neither oxygen nor pyruvate
derivatives.
Anaerobic Respiration
• In anaerobic respiration, the electron acceptor can be sulfate ion
(SO4–) or nitrate ion (NO3–) or a variety of other molecules.
• Some archaea, called methanogens, are known to use carbon
dioxide as the electron acceptor, producing methane as a by -
product.
• Similarly, another group of purple sulfur bacteria uses sulfate as
an electron acceptor, thus producing hydrogen sulfide as a by-
product.
Anaerobic Respiration
• These organisms reside in low-oxygen environments and thus
opt for anaerobic pathways to break down the chemical fuels.
• Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration in that the
molecules enter the electron transport chain to pass the
electrons to the final electron acceptor.
• The final electron acceptors involved in anaerobic respiration
have a smaller reduction potential than oxygen molecules which
results in less energy production.
Anaerobic Respiration
• Anaerobic respiration, however, is essential for biogeochemical
cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
• The nitrate that acts as an electron acceptor in anaerobic
respiration produces nitrogen gas as a by-product, and this
process is the only route for fixed nitrogen to reach the
atmosphere.
• Fermentation is another pathway for anaerobic respiration,
where the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, and the
pyruvate is not further oxidized via the citric acid cycle.
Anaerobic Respiration
• The energy-rich molecule, NADH, is also not utilized
during fermentation.
• Anaerobic respiration takes place in many
environments like freshwater, soil, deep-sea surfaces.
Some microbes in oxygenated environments also utilize
anaerobic respiration because oxygen cannot readily
diffuse through their surface.
Anaerobic Respiration
LET’S COMPARE!
LET’S COMPARE!
LET’S COMPARE!
LET’S COMPARE!
Direction: True or False: Write T if the statement id correct and F if the
statement is wrong.
_____ 1. Anaerobic respiration occurs only in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Let
_____ 2. Only 2 ATPs are formed during anaerobic respiration ’s
Ch
_____ 3. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen. eck
_____ 4. The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water, !

and energy.
_____ 5. Aerobic respiration is comparatively longer than anaerobic
respiration.
Direction: Write A if it’s Aerobic and An if it’s Anaerobic.
_____ 1. Incomplete oxidation of carbohydrates takes place during
anaerobic respiration.
Let
_____ 2. After glycolysis, occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and ’s
Ch
cytoplasm of prokaryotes. eck
!
_____ 3. Some other electron acceptors like sulfur and nitrogen are
required along with the carbohydrates.
_____ 4. Occurs only in the cytoplasm of a cell.
_____ 5. There is an exchange of gases during aerobic respiration where
oxygen is absorbed, and carbon dioxide is released.
Direction: Answer the following question.
Write your answer in a short bond paper.
A
S
S
I
G
N
M

1. Do you think your body is able to use all the

E
N
T

glucose you have consumed in your meal? How

much is the sugar content in your average meal?
 General Biology 1 Grade 11

AEROBIC
RESPIRATION
AND FERMENTATION
TYPES OF Define fermentation and
aerobic respiration;

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Identify the advantages and
disadvantages of aerobic
respiration and
Differentiate aerobic from fermentation; and

anaerobic respiration
(STEM_BIO11/12- IIa-j- Appreciate the use of
fermentation and aerobic
6) respiration in our daily
lives.
FERMENTATION
Fermentation is a widespread pathway, but it is not the
only way to get energy from fuels anaerobically (in the
absence of oxygen). Some living systems instead use an
inorganic molecule other than O2, such as sulfate, as a final
electron acceptor for an electron transport chain. This
process, called anaerobic cellular respiration, is
performed by some bacteria and archaea.
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic

cellular respiration in that electrons extracted from a fuel
molecule are passed through an electron transport chain, driving
ATP synthesis. Some organisms use sulfate (SO 42- as the final
electron acceptor at the end of the transport chain, while others
use nitrate (NO3−), sulfur, or one of a variety of other molecules.
What kinds of organisms use anaerobic
cellular respiration?
• Some archaea called methanogens can use carbon
dioxide as a terminal electron acceptor, producing
methane as a by-product.
• Methanogens are found in soil and in the digestive
systems of ruminants, a group of animals including cows
and sheep.