Integral Conservation Form Navier-Stokes Equations

 
n( x, t )
 

 inv visc  u ( x, t )

 U dV   ( F  F ).n dS   J dV V (t )  

uVV( x , t )

t V V V
S  V (t )

  
     (u  uV )   0 
   0
 
   inv     visc 
U   u ; F   u (u  uV )  pI ; F    ; J   f 
 E   E (u  u )  pu  u  q  f.u  Q 
   V     

column vector column vector column vector column vector

conserved inviscid flux viscous flux source terms
quantities

f  ..., Q  ...

  ..., q  ...
2 EoS ' s
 Integral Conservation Form Navier-Stokes Equations:
 
n( x, t )
 

 inv visc  u ( x, t )

 U dV   ( F  F ).n dS   J dV V (t )  

uVV( x , t )

t V V V
S  V (t )
Cartesian coordinates
     (u  uV )  (v  vV )  ( w  wV ) 
   
 u   u (u  uV )  p u (v  vV ) u ( w  wV ) 
U   v ; F inv   v(u  uV ) v(v  vV )  p v( w  wV ) ;
   
 w   w(u  uV ) w(v  vV ) w( w  wV )  p 
 E   E (u  u )  pu E (v  vV )  pv E ( w  wV )  pw 
   V

f  ..., Q  ...

 0 0 0   0    ..., q  ...
    2 EoS ' s
  xx  xy  xz   f x 
F visc    xy  yy  yz ; J   f y 
   
  xz  yx  zz   f z 
     
 .u  q  .u  q  .u  q   f.u  Q 
 x z    
x y y z
F visc
is zero if   0 and q  0
 
PDE Conservation Form Navier-Stokes Equations: f  ..., Q  ...

U  inv visc   ..., q  ...
 .( F  F )  J 2 EoS ' s
t
 
    u   0 
   0
 
   inv    visc 
U   u ; F   u u  pI ; F    ; J   f 
 E   Eu  pu  u  q  f.u  Q 
       

column vector column vector column vector column vector

conserved inviscid flux viscous flux source terms
quantities

- quasi-linear system of second-order PDE’s, parabolic-hyperbolic in space-time

- comparison of (not many) closed-form solutions validates Navier-Stokes flow model
- most solutions: analytical approximations, or numerical
 
Boundary Conditions Navier-Stokes Equations: f  ..., Q  ...

U  inv visc   ..., q  ...
 .( F  F )  J 2 EoS ' s
t
- quasi-linear system of second-order PDE’s, parabolic-hyperbolic in space-time
- number/type of BC’s follows from analysis of Jacobian of Finv with respect to U
- PDE + BC + IC well-posed problem (existence, uniqueness, dependence on BC/IC)???

Solid-wall BC: no-slip condition

 
u ( xwall , t )  u wall
  
T ( xwall , t )  Twall , or q ( xwall , t ).nwall  specified


 F  dxwall F  
moving wall: F ( xwall , t )  0 so that:  F .   F .u wall  0
t dt t

 1 F
u .nwall   0
F t
      
u  (u .nwall )nwall  u wall  (u wall .nwall )nwall
 
Boundary Conditions Navier-Stokes Equations: f  ..., Q  ...

U  inv visc   ..., q  ...
 .( F  F )  J 2 EoS ' s
t
Navier-Stokes Equations apply to flows in: nature, engineering, biology, etc.:
- Flow over aircraft (ULV to Space Shuttle), kites, birds, insects, fish, ships,
sub­marines, automobiles, trains, buildings, wind­mills, wind turbines, etc.;
- Flow in pipe systems, pumps, mixers, etc. of process industry;
- Flow in household appliances, e.g. the heating, bathroom, kitchen, solar collectors;
- Cooling of electronic circuitry;
- Flow of blood in the human body, flow of air in lungs;
- Flow of molten steel in steel mill;
- Flow in internal combustion engine or gas turbine, compressors;
- Flow in atmosphere of Earth, other planets;
- Astro-physical flows such as solar wind;
- Geophysical flows, e.g. oceans, lakes, rivers, canals, including free-surface waves ;
- Dispersion of pollutants in atmosphere and in rivers, etc.;
- Flow in water, oil and gas aquifers (porous rock formations);
- Flow in buildings, class-room, etc., etc. aerodynamics, (magneto)hydrodynamics, gas
dynamics, hydraulics, acoustics, meteorology, …

►Large variety of time, length and velocity scales

C.H.D. Buys Ballot
(1817-1890)
Bio-Fluid Dynamics