DE ZG611 Lect 6 On 25 Feb 2024

DE ZG611
Dynamics & Vibrations

Prof. Y. V. D. Rao
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
DE ZG611
Dynamics &
Vibrations
  
 𝑪𝒄 =𝟐 𝒎
𝑲
𝒎 √
=𝟐 √ 𝑲 𝒎
 Damping Ratio, (Zeta) is defined as the ratio of damping constant to the

critical damping constant.
 That is  
 If , over damped vibration and the two roots are real 


 If , critical damped vibration and the two roots are equal 

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 If , under damped vibration and the two roots are imaginary 
  where 
 
 Where and are respectively the amplitude and phase difference.

 And and are determined using initial conditions initial displacement,
and initial velocity .
 
 

 The expression for response has two parts.
𝟐𝝅
 𝝎 𝒅=𝝎 𝒏 √𝟏 − 𝝃 𝟐𝝉
𝒅=
𝝎𝒅
 The first part is an exponentially decaying component, which decreases
the magnitude of vibration exponentially.
 The second part is harmonic and periodic.
 Clearly only under damped vibration is Periodic and of interest for study as both
Over damped and critical damped cases are aperiodic.
 It is found that ratio of natural logarithms for two successive amplitudes is
a constant and is known as Logarithmic decrement .
 Logarithmic decrement is given by .
log 𝒆
( ) ( )
𝑿𝟎
𝑿𝟏
=ln
𝑿𝟎
𝑿𝟏
=𝜹


 𝝉𝒅=
𝟐𝝅
𝝎𝒅
 
   
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 ( 𝒂𝒃 ) =𝒃 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒆 𝒂
   
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 ( 𝒆 𝒃 ) =𝒃 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒆 𝒆=𝒃
 **  
 Find the response of the free undamped vibration given by the equation
of motion . What are values of mass and spring stiffness ? Determine the
response of the system if initial displacement is and initial velocity is .
 is the equation of motion.
 is the given equation of motion.  
 
 The response of a free undamped vibration is given by


 Then velocity is given by 
 
 
 Initial displacement 
   Initial velocity
 
  
 The amplitude of vibration of an undamped system is measured to be . The

phase shift from is measured to be and the frequency is found to be .
Calculate the initial conditions that caused this vibration to occur.

 The amplitude of free vibration of an undamped system is measured to be .
The phase shift from is measured to be and the frequency is found to be .
Calculate the initial conditions that caused this vibration to occur.
 The response of a free undamped vibration is given by
   Where is amplitude
 is frequency  And is phase difference  Given

   
 𝒙 𝟎=𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅 ) 𝒙 𝟎=𝟎 . 𝟗𝟎𝟗𝟑𝒎𝒎

 


 Find the response of free damped vibration if the initial displacement is
and initial velocity is . The equation of motion . What is the damped
frequency of the system?

 Given  
 

 Critical damped vibration
  
 
 

  
 

 Find the response of free damped vibration if the initial displacement is
and initial velocity is . The equation of motion . What is the damped
frequency of the system?

 Given  

 
 Over damped vibration 
 
 
 


  
 −𝟏 . 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝑨 𝟐=𝟓 . 𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟓

  
 
 An under damped shock absorber is to be designed for a motor cycle of
total mass . The shock absorber is subjected to vertical motion due to a
road bump. Find the stiffness and damping constant of the shock
absorber, if the damped period of vibration is and amplitude decreases to
of previous value in half cycle.
    
   
  


 
   
   
  
  
 Unit of damping constant is
 And 
  

  

 Anvil of a forging hammer weighs and is mounted on a foundation that has
a stiffness of and viscous damping constant . During one forging
operation, the hammer of weight falls from a height of on the anvil. If the
anvil is at rest before impact determine the vibration response of the anvil
after impact. Assume coefficient of restitution between anvil and hammer
as .
√
𝒎𝒈=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎∗ 𝟏𝟎
𝟑
𝒓𝒂𝒅
 This is modelled as 𝝎𝒏 = =𝟗𝟗 . 𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔
𝒉=𝟐𝒎
𝟗 . 𝟖𝟏
𝑾 =𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 

𝑲𝑵 
𝑲 =𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝒔 
𝒎 𝑪=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎
  
 Under damped Vibration.
 The response of a free damped vibration is given by
  𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝝎 𝒏 =𝟗𝟗 . 𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝒔
  
 To determine the unknown constants and initial conditions are required.
 The anvil is at rest before impact,

 Due to impact between the hammer and the anvil, velocity is imparted to
anvil, .
 Let the initial velocity of hammer of mass at impact be and initial
velocity of anvil of mass at impact be
 And the velocity of hammer of mass after impact be and velocity of
anvil of mass after impact be .
 Using law of conservation of momentum
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
𝒖𝟏 +
𝟗. 𝟖𝟏
∗ 𝟎=
𝟗 . 𝟖𝟏
𝒗𝟏 + 𝒗
𝟗 . 𝟖𝟏 𝟐
𝒖 𝟏=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐
 The hammer of mass falls from a height of on the Anvil.
 Hammer of mass Potential energy at height from the Anvil is .

 Hammer Potential energy at height from the Anvil is .
 Hammer of mass Kinetic energy at impact with the Anvil is .
.  𝒖 𝟏=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐=𝟔 . 𝟐𝟔𝟒
 The coefficient of restitution between anvil and hammer, is given by
  𝒖 𝟐 =𝟎 
 𝒗 𝟐 − 𝒗 𝟏=𝟐 . 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝒗 𝟐=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟐 .𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔

𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐=𝟔 . 𝟐𝟔𝟒 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 ( 𝒗 𝟏+𝟐 . 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔 )=𝟔 .𝟐𝟔𝟒 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟏=− 𝟔 .𝟐𝟔𝟒
𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟏=− 𝟔 .𝟐𝟔𝟒 𝟔 𝒗 𝟏=−𝟔 . 𝟐𝟔𝟒
𝒗 𝟏 =− 𝟏 . 𝟎𝟒𝟒
𝒎 𝒗 𝟐=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟐 .𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝒗 𝟐=−𝟏 . 𝟎𝟒𝟒+𝟐 .𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔
𝒔
  Anvil velocity after impact is
 The anvil is at rest before impact,

 Anvil velocity after impact, .


  


  

 A vibrating system consists of a mass of , a spring of stiffness and a
damper with damping coefficient of . Determine the frequency of vibration
of the system.
 In vibratory system with viscous damping, Mass is , spring constant is

and the amplitude after cycles is of the initial amplitude. Determine the
damping coefficient of the damper in the system.
 Undamped natural frequency of vibration of an instrument is . And the

frequency of damped vibrations is observed to be . Determine the
damping factor and logarithmic decrement. If the amplitude after cycles
is , what is the initial amplitude?

 A vibrating system has a mass of and spring stiffness is . The dashpot in
the vibrating system exerts a force of when the mass has a velocity of ,
determine the natural circular frequency in , critical damping coefficient,
damping factor, damped natural circular frequency in , logarithmic
decrement, and amplitude of vibration after cycles if the initial amplitude
is .
 A mass suspended from a helical spring vibrates in a viscous fluid

medium. The frequency of damped vibration is and the amplitude
decreases to of its initial value in one complete vibration. Determine the
natural frequency of undamped vibration of the system in Hertz.
Thank you

DE ZG611 Lect 6 On 25 Feb 2024

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DE ZG611

Dynamics & Vibrations

 Damping Ratio, (Zeta) is defined as the ratio of damping constant to the

 If , over damped vibration and the two roots are real 

 If , critical damped vibration and the two roots are equal 

 Where and are respectively the amplitude and phase difference.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 is the equation of motion.

 is the given equation of motion.  

 The response of a free undamped vibration is given by

 The amplitude of vibration of an undamped system is measured to be . The

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 The response of a free undamped vibration is given by

 is frequency  And is phase difference  Given

 𝒙 𝟎=𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅 ) 𝒙 𝟎=𝟎 . 𝟗𝟎𝟗𝟑𝒎𝒎

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 Over damped vibration 

 −𝟏 . 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝑨 𝟐=𝟓 . 𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟓

 Unit of damping constant is

 To determine the unknown constants and initial conditions are required.

 The anvil is at rest before impact,

 The hammer of mass falls from a height of on the Anvil.

 Hammer of mass Potential energy at height from the Anvil is .

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 Hammer of mass Kinetic energy at impact with the Anvil is .

.  𝒖 𝟏=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐 𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝒗 𝟐=𝟔 . 𝟐𝟔𝟒

 The coefficient of restitution between anvil and hammer, is given by

 𝒗 𝟐 − 𝒗 𝟏=𝟐 . 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔 𝒗 𝟐=𝒗 𝟏+ 𝟐 .𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟔

  Anvil velocity after impact is

 The anvil is at rest before impact,

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 In vibratory system with viscous damping, Mass is , spring constant is

 Undamped natural frequency of vibration of an instrument is . And the

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 A mass suspended from a helical spring vibrates in a viscous fluid

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