PDE2100 Computer Systems Engineering Projects 2

PDE2110 Electronic Engineering Projects 2

Workshop
Individual Project Proposal

Dr. Ramona Trestian

Design, Engineering and Maths Department
Room T115, Phone: +44 (0)20 8411 2901
e-mail: r.trestian@mdx.ac.uk
Attendance Sign-in
Outline
● Assessment 2

3
 Assessment 2

Individual Project Proposal (40%)

- An initial project proposal document (7 pages)

- At least 15 references
- Use the template provided
- Due: Week 24

For more details check the Module Handbook on MyLearning

Why a Project Proposal?
• What’s a proposal? Identifies the topic and the area you want to
investigate. Outlines the scope and the research methods you intend to use.
• Why a proposal? It helps you organise your preliminary thoughts, plan
your approach, complete your work on time.
• Benefit of a Proposal Will help you to:
- Make sure your aims and objectives are achievable in the time allocated
- Forces you to read and review some of the relevant background information
- Check that you are being clear and realistic about possible research methods
have considered all the safety and ethical issues
- Create an outline structure and viable time for your project
Project Proposal Flow Chart
A word of advice
• Experience says: Do not try to cover too large a problem or area of discussion.
• Must highlight your central hypothesis or idea and state it very clearly.
• It is always possible to provide an answer to a problem, however you are
expected to:
• Investigate
• Consider available/collected evidence
• State clearly your viewpoint
• Give reasons when making decisions
Typical Elements of a Proposal

• Please read the Assessment 2 Requirements

and Marking Criteria document on MyLearning
• Please see and discuss the IPP Template
document on MyLearning

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 Class Activity:
 Sample Project Proposal - Read the example
provided on MyLearning under the IPP Example
document.
 Think about the ideas presented
 Think about the language used
 Notice the sentence construction
 Think of a topic for your project

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What is your topic?
Steps Involved:
- Selecting a topic
- Investigating your topic
- Refining your topic
- Formulating your Rationale

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Topic Selection

• Generating topic ideas

 Usually asked to come up with your own
– brain storming – check out recent
research through Library resources
• Refining your topic
 Start with the general idea and then
narrow it down
Topic Ideas

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 Smart Home Automation System
• Control appliances inside the home (e.g., lights, fans, water pump, heating, etc.) using a mobile app.

• J. Jaihar, N. Lingayat, P. S. Vijaybhai, G. Venkatesh and K. P. Upla, "Smart Home Automation Using Machine Learning
Algorithms," 2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 2020, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/INCET49848.2020.9154007.
• A. Singh, H. Mehta, A. Nawal and O. V. Gnana Swathika, "Arduino Based Home Automation Control Powered by
Photovoltaic Cells," 2018 Second International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC),
2018, pp. 729-732, doi: 10.1109/ICCMC.2018.8488144. 13
 Smart Building using IoT
• Monitoring user flows, monitoring spaces, energy savings, etc.

• A. Verma, S. Prakash, V. Srivastava, A. Kumar and S. C. Mukhopadhyay, "Sensing, Controlling, and IoT Infrastructure in
Smart Building: A Review," in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 19, no. 20, pp. 9036-9046, 15 Oct.15, 2019, doi:
10.1109/JSEN.2019.2922409.
• A. P. Plageras, K. E. Psannis, C. Stergiou, H. Wang, and B. B. Gupta, ‘Efficient IoT-based sensor BIG Data collection–
processing and analysis in smart buildings’, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 82, pp. 349–357, May 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.future.2017.09.082.
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 Smart Transportation using IoT
• Smart traffic signal system, smart street light management system, etc.

• P. P. F. Dheena, G. S. Raj, G. Dutt and S. V. Jinny, "IOT based smart street light management system," 2017 IEEE
International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCS), 2017, pp. 368-371, doi: 10.1109/ICCS1.2017.8326023.
• A. R. Al-Ali et al., "IoT-Based Shared Community Transportation System Using e-Bikes," 2021 5th International
Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities (ICSGSC), 2021, pp. 61-65, doi: 10.1109/ICSGSC52434.2021.9490509.
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 Smart Agriculture using IoT
• Production, control, monitoring and crop management system,

• Y. Mekonnen, L. Burton, A. Sarwat and S. Bhansali, "IoT Sensor Network Approach for Smart Farming: An Application in Food,
Energy and Water System," 2018 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2018, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/GHTC.2018.8601701.
• P. Serikul, N. Nakpong and N. Nakjuatong, "Smart Farm Monitoring via the Blynk IoT Platform : Case Study: Humidity Monitoring and
Data Recording," 2018 16th International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering (ICT&KE), 2018, pp. 1-6, doi:
10.1109/ICTKE.2018.8612441.
• N. Putjaika, S. Phusae, A. Chen-Im, P. Phunchongharn and K. Akkarajitsakul, "A control system in an intelligent farming by using
arduino technology," 2016 Fifth ICT International Student Project Conference (ICT-ISPC), 2016, pp. 53-56, doi: 10.1109/ICT-
ISPC.2016.7519234. 16
 IoT-based Wearable Glove
• a wearable glove that provides the user various information, for example information about the wearer’s health

• B. -G. Lee and W. -Y. Chung, "Wearable Glove-Type Driver Stress Detection Using a Motion Sensor," in IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1835-1844, July 2017, doi:
10.1109/TITS.2016.2617881.
• J. Hughes, A. Spielberg, M. Chounlakone, G. Chang, W. Matusik, and D. Rus, ‘A Simple, Inexpensive, Wearable Glove
with Hybrid Resistive-Pressure Sensors for Computational Sensing, Proprioception, and Task Identification’, Advanced
Intelligent Systems, vol. 2, no. 6, p. 2000002, 2020, doi: 10.1002/aisy.202000002.
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 Wireless Gesture Controlled Robot
• Motion control of a robot using hand gestures

• M. Alam and M. A. Yousuf, "Designing and Implementation of a Wireless Gesture Controlled Robot for Disabled and
Elderly People," 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 2019,
pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679290.
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 Wireless Controlled Animatronic Hand
• A wireless controlled animated hand that follows the movement of the user’s hand.

• A. Gupta, R. Jain, D. Bang and J. Kori, "Wireless animatronic ARM," International Conference & Workshop on Electronics
& Telecommunication Engineering (ICWET 2016), 2016, pp. 105-111, doi: 10.1049/cp.2016.1130.
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Other (Topic Specific – suggested by tutors)
Inas EL-Aroussi
• Intelligent traffic light system for first responders (Programable electronics)
• Wireless power transfer ( Analogue Electronic design)

Quoc-Tuan Vien
• 6G-based IoT applications (see Table V in [1])
• Digital Twin for Industrial IoT in 6G (see [2] [3])
• Smart Retail Store with IoT
[1] D. C. Nguyen et al., "6G Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.
359-383, 1 Jan.1, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3103320.
[2] H. X. Nguyen, R. Trestian, D. To and M. Tatipamula, "Digital Twin for 5G and Beyond," in IEEE Communications Magazine,
vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 10-15, February 2021, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.001.2000343.
[3[ H. Ahmadi, A. Nag, Z. Khar, K. Sayrafian and S. Rahardja, "Networked Twins and Twins of Networks: An Overview on the
Relationship Between Digital Twins and 6G," in IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 154-160,
December 2021, doi: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2000041.

Tuan Le
• Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer
Main objectives: Wireless communication signals are not only able to convey information but also carry energy to power
mobile and/or IoT devices. This project aims to develop a transmission strategy for simultaneous wireless information and
power transfer (SWIPT).
Minimum acceptable achievement: Develop a transmission strategy for SWIPT. Test the performance of the strategy by
simulation.
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Other (Topic Specific – suggested by tutors)
Tuan Le (cont)
• Farfield Wireless Energy Harvesting for IoT devices
Main objectives: Wireless communication systems around us, e.g., mobile phone networks, WiFi systems, etc., are emitting a
lot of un-utilised energy, i.e., known as far field wireless energy. This project aims to demonstrate the ability of making battery-
free IoT devices working based on harvesting such energy.
Minimum acceptable achievement: Build a IoT device working based on harvested wireless energy.
References:
[1] T. A. Le, Q.-T. Vien, H. X. Nguyen, D. W. K. Ng, and R. Schober, "Robust chance-constrained optimization for power-
efficient and secure SWIPT systems," IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 333-
346, Sep. 2017.
[2] T. A. Le, H. X. Nguyen, Q.-T. Vien, and M. Karamanoglu, “Secure Information Transmission and Power Transfer in Cellular
Networks,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1532-1535, Jul. 2015.
[3] Z. Chu, H. X. Nguyen, T. A. Le, M. Karamanoglu, E. Ever, and A. Yazici, "Secure Wireless Powered and Cooperative
Jamming D2D Communications," IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-13, Mar.
2018.

Purav Shah
• Machine Learning based spectrum sensing for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band using Software
Defined Radio (SDR)
• Practical SDR based Mobile crowd-sourced spectrum sensing
• Internet of Drone Things for Agriculture, Forest Fire and other large terrain applications.

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Other (Topic Specific – suggested by tutors)
Huan Nguyen
• Digital Twin for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery
• Digital Twin for 5G/beyond Core Network
• Machine Learning-based Digital Twin to optimize ammonia plants (with real data)
• Optimization of logistic/supply chain with digital twin
• Digital Twin to improve healthcare resilience
• IoT-based digital twin for smart agriculture

Other ideas
1. A FPGA based image processing system - Image and video processing techniques are widely used in industry as well as in our
daily life. This project offers you an opportunity to look into the possibility of using the Xilinx tools, e.g., PYNQ-Z2 or Zedboard (with
Xilinx Zynq 7C020 chip) and Vivado design suite to design an image processing device. You are expected to use your knowledge
gained in the electronics programme, and the popular OpenCV APIs implemented in FPGA to manipulate the images for various
effects, e.g., edge and contrast enhancement, filtering, etc. By doing so you will deepen your understanding of the concepts, e.g.,
system-on-chip design and hardware acceleration.
2. Designing a locomotion controller for quadruped robot - A robot can mimic the legged locomotion of animals and human due
arguably to the central pattern generator mechanism in the cerebellum and spinal cord. In this project you will design in analogue and
digital circuits an artificial locomotion controller. The benefit of designing a walk controller using circuits instead of programming lies
largely in the size, speed and portability of the device. By using, e.g., digital system design skills and possibly analogue components
like Op Amp, a controller able to drive 12 motors (3 for each leg) simultaneously will be implemented. A quadruped robot platform will
be provided to test your design.

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Other (Topic Specific – suggested by tutors)
Other ideas

3. Designing an intelligent camera using FPGA Vitis flow - Xilinx Vitis is a new hardware acceleration tool aiming at speedup the
execution of algorithms originally running in CPU/GPU resources. This project will use Vitis Vision Library (VVL) which implements a
set of OpenCV algorithms in FPGA fabric to process the images shot by fish eye cameras. As it is well known that the images shot by
fish eye cameras usually come with Barrel distortion. This project aims to remove this kind of distortion by using FPGA hardware
accelerated OpenCV algorithms using Vitis tool. The outcomes of the work will be compared with the same approach but running on a
desktop to compare the performance of FPGA accelerated platform and the normal desktop platform.
4. FPGA based RISC processor design - The reduced instruction set computer (RISC), compared to its counterpart namely complete
instruction set computer (CISC), has benefit of simpler architecture, lower power dissipation and faster processing time, thanks to its
hardwired connections among components. RISC computers have been used widely in IoT and AI projects. In this project you are
expected to design a RISC computer architecture of your own by using FPGA. You will use your knowledge gained in the electronics
programme to follow a fully project design lifecyle from specification to testing. You will have the freedom to define your own RISC
instruction set of any size, as long as it contains both arithmetic and logic operations, and at least 4 instructions for each operation.

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 Class Activity:

 Perform some initial research, select a topic

and refine it
 Start working on the Title and Rationale
Sections within the IPP template document

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Tips on How to
Read

25
Most people read and write – this may not work well as you end up just rewriting the
text.
How would you read?
• Note that articles usually have introduction, main body and conclusions, here are
some strategies you can use:
- Speed reading – it is a skill that people have to read and understand a lengthy
paper as quickly as possible
- Eye gymnastic – jump from one word group to another looking for what you need.
- Finger tracing – just run your finger along under the line you are reading
- Skimming – Let your eye run quickly over a page
- Identify the signpost words – help you get an idea of what the author is trying to
convey

You are ready for SQRRR – Survey, Question, Read, Recall, Review
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Academic
Writing

27
Key Activities in Successful Academic
Writing

Research

Communicat
ion
Thinking

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Key Activities in Successful Academic Writing
You’ve clearly undertaken
some extensive research but I don’t fully
this is rather descriptive and understand as your
I am not sure you have fully argument is unclear
understood the underlying andWell done!
your This is well
structure
debates or significance of is aexpressed and logically
little confusing.
the research. Research Whatdeveloped.
are you You
tryingdebate the key
You give a good deal of
toareas, which
tell your you have widely
reader?
evidence but I am unsure
researched
You also needandtocarefully
what you are using the
evidence for. considered
proof-read andin light of the title
question.
check Your argument is
your grammar
clear and convincing and well-
Communicat supported.
ion
Thinking
You make some interesting points but
where is your evidence? You have
overlooked core research in this area,
which might lead you to re-evaluate
your conclusions.
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 Above All … Remember
• Academic writing is a learnt skill… so

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Tips on
Mechanics of
Writing

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• Small errors make your work look sloppy
• Attention to detail makes your proposal/dissertation look professional
• Avoid Contractions – write out the complete word
- Examples: Don’t = Do not; Can’t = Can not; Isn’t = Is not
• Abbreviations and Acronyms
- in most cases write out the full term the first time they appear in text. e.g.,
Internet of Things (IoT); Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), etc.
• Apostrophes – this form of punctuation is often misused
- E.g., the boy’s computer (1 boy) Possessive
- E.g., the boys’ computer (more than 1 boy) Possessive and Plural
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Tips on
Literature
Review

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Literature – Why, What and How?
The main purpose of references is to show that the authors:
Why - Are up-to-date with the latest research central to the The manuscript should include articles
? manuscript subject that contribute to the:
- Are aware of the relevance of any related research
- Conceptual setting
- Have an understanding of any existing drawbacks in the
- Understanding and advancement of
research
- Are aware of possible avenues of advancing the body of
the manuscript topic
knowledge in this regard

Publication hierarchy:
Refer to papers with high
What? - Scholarly journals
academic standard:
- Conference proceedings (peer reviewed)
Trustworthiness, Objectivity,
- Books and Industry/Government Studies
Accuracy, Fitness
- Internet/Mass Media (magazines, newspapers)

● Choose a topic. Define your
How? research question.
● Decide on the scope of your
review (# studies, # years)
● Select the databases you will use to
conduct your searches
● Conduct your searches and find the
literature. Keep track of your searches!
● Review Literature
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Literature Search
• use the research questions to determine 5 to
10 key words or phrases
• Search relevant literature
• Identify at least 15 or more potentially
interesting papers
• Read the abstracts
• Sort on relevancy, based on abstract
• Read the relevant papers

Keep notes on all papers you find

Types of Search
• Search based on other papers
• Trace papers citing founding papers
• Trace papers referenced in relevant papers
• Obtain related literature reviews

• Systematic search in databases based on research questions

Systematic Reviews
• Systematic reviews are a type of literature review that uses systematic methods to collect
secondary data, critically appraise research studies, and synthesize findings qualitatively or
quantitatively.
• Establish to what extent existing research has
progressed towards clarifying a particular problem;
• Identify relations, contradictions, gaps, and
inconsistencies in the literature, and explore reasons
for these;
• Formulate general statements or an overarching
conceptualization
• Comment on, evaluate, extend, or develop theory;
• In doing these things, provide implications for
practice and policy;
• Describe directions for future research.
Review the literature
• What was the research question of the study you are reviewing? What were the authors trying
to discover?
• Was the research funded by a source that could influence the findings?
• What were the research methodologies? Analyse its literature review, the samples and
variables used, the results, and the conclusions. Does the research seem to be complete? Could
it have been conducted more soundly? What further questions does it raise?
• If there are conflicting studies, why do you think that is?
• How are the authors viewed in the field? Has this study
been cited?; if so, how has it been analysed?
• Tips:
– Again, review the abstracts carefully.
– Keep careful notes so that you may track your
thought processes during the research process
Plagiarism
Plagiarism occurs when you use others' text, ideas, wording, images etc. without making the
necessary citations.
● MDX Plagiarism and other types of cheating:
https://libguides.mdx.ac.uk/c.php?g=322119&p=2155601
● How to avoid plagiarism:
https://www.enago.com/academy/how-to-avoid-plagiarism-in-research-papers/ (apart from
point 2 as in Science and Technology we normally do not use Quotes)
● MDX Referencing:
https://libguides.mdx.ac.uk/plagiarismreferencing/referencing
● Examples of paraphrasing:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-paraphrasing.html

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 Steps in Writing your Literature Review
• Reading literature, subject matter, from a variety of sources
• Collect & read current papers and reviews of your selected topic
• Forming some form of taxonomy (i.e. classification) or structure for your review
• Identifying where in the taxonomy the various contributions from the literature fall
• Identify prominent authors and check their latest publications
• Critically reviewing the literature
• Identifying different approaches analysis of strengths and weaknesses
• Draw your own conclusions,
• Highlight implications for your work (if appropriate)
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 Example
Wang et al. [1] propose a framework for next-generation racket sports training based on Internet of Thing (IoT). The
authors use the example of badminton as an use-case and propose a smart racket action recognition and skill
assessment system. To build the system, the authors make use of a low-power Micro-electromechanical systems
(MEMS), Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and cloud technologies. A wearable sensing device (WSD) was developed to collect
inertial data that will help the system classify different actions (smash, clear and drop) and different skill levels (elite,
subelite, and amateur) between badminton players using machine-learning algorithms. The performance of the
proposed framework was tested using the data collected from 12 right-handed badminton players including four
amateurs, four subelites and four elite players. A total of 360 datasets were collected from the 12 subjects with each
performing 30 trials of the three different actions, like straight smashes, short drops, and long clears. Out of the 360
datasets, 270 were used for training while the remaining 90 datasets were used for testing. The results show that the
proposed system can reach up to 97% accuracy for classifying the three different actions and up to 90% accuracy in
assessing the players’ skill level. The authors argue that the proposed system can help badminton players improve their
skills by assessing their performance in real time.

Reference List:
[1] Y. Wang, M. Chen, X. Wang, R. H. M. Chan and W. J. Li, "IoT for Next-Generation Racket Sports Training," in IEEE
Internet of Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 4558-4566, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2837347

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 Class Activity:

 Start working on the Literature Review

Section within the IPP template document

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 Class Activity:

 Start working on the Description, Deliverables

and Resources Required Sections within the
IPP template document

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Recall WBS and
Gantt Chart

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Creating a WBS – Process Steps Approach
● Start by defining phases or stages in project, then subdivide each into detailed tasks; end with
defined deliverables for each
Gantt Chart Activity Immediate
Predecessors
Time

● Simple, common scheduling tool A -- 1

● Easy to create and understand B A 2
● Developed by Henry Gantt, a consultant of Frederick Taylor. C B 3
A D B 1
E C, D 2
B
F E 3

C ● Note:
D E starts at time 6 because then both C
and D are completed. D is completed
E at time 4, but C is not until time 6.
F Hence, D must wait until time 6.

1 34 6 8 11
Time
 Class Activity:

 Start working on the Project Plan including

Work Breakdown Structure & Gantt Chart
Section within the IPP template document
 Finalise your IPP

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