Name: Punam Pravin Amrutrao

Education: MSc (Organic Chemistry)

Designation: NA

Organization: NA

Experience: NA

Courses Taught: NA
Introduction:
Green synthesis of nanoparticles refers to the process of producing nanoparticles using environmentally friendly and sustainable methods,
often involving natural sources such as plants, microorganisms, or bio-based materials. This approach 5aims to minimize the use of
hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes typically associated with conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods. Here is some
information about green synthesis of nanoparticles:

Sources for Green Synthesis:

 Plants: Plant extracts are commonly used to synthesize nanoparticles. Phytochemicals present in these extracts act as reducing and
stabilizing agents.
 Microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi, and algae can also be used to synthesize nanoparticles by utilizing their metabolic processes.
 Biopolymers: Natural polymers like chitosan, cellulose, and proteins can be employed to reduce and stabilize nanoparticles.
 Bio-waste: Agricultural and food waste materials can be repurposed for nanoparticle synthesis, providing a sustainable source of raw
materials.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles:
Green synthesis is the most suitable choice for the synthesis of nanoparticles.
 Physical Method - time and energy consuming, synthesis at high te1np. and pressure
 Chemical Method - simple, inexpensive and low temp. synthesis method, use of toxic reducing and stabilizing agents makes it harmful
 Green Method - easy, efficient, and eco-friendly. Eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, consume less energy and produce safer
products and by products
Example - bacteria for Au, Ag, Zn and Fe NPs

Challenges
 Standardization: The variability of natural sources can lead to challenges in reproducibility and scalability.
 Characterization: Green-synthesized nanoparticles may have different properties compared to conventionally synthesized nanoparticles,
requiring specific characterization techniques.
 Optimization: Finding the right conditions for synthesis to achieve desired nanoparticle properties can be time-consuming.
 Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an exciting and rapidly growing field that combines nanotechnology and sustainable practices.
Researchers continue to explore new sources and methods to harness the benefits of green synthesis for various applications.
Advantages of Green Synthesis:
 Environmentally Friendly: Green synthesis methods use non-toxic and biodegradable materials, reducing the environmental impact of
nanoparticle production.
 Energy Efficiency: These methods often require lower energy inputs compared to traditional chemical methods.
 Biocompatibility: Nanoparticles produced through green synthesis are often more biocompatible, making them suitable for various biomedical
applications.
 Cost-Effectiveness: Many green synthesis approaches use readily available biological materials, which can lower production costs.
 Reduced Waste: Green synthesis methods generate less hazardous waste compared to chemical methods.

Objective of Study:
 To Investigate Green Synthesis Methods: The primary objective of the study is to explore and evaluate various green synthesis methods for
producing nanoparticles. This includes understanding the principles of green chemistry and how they can be applied to nanoparticle synthesis.
 To Assess Environmental Impact: Another objective is to assess the environmental impact of green-synthesized nanoparticles compared to
traditional synthesis methods. This involves analyzing factors such as energy consumption, waste generation, and the use of hazardous
materials.
 To Characterize Nanoparticles: The study aims to characterize the nanoparticles synthesized through green methods. This includes using
techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to
analyze the size, shape, and properties of the nanoparticles.
 To Explore Applications: The study seeks to explore potential applications of nanoparticles synthesized using green methods. This involves
investigating their potential use in areas such as medicine, agriculture, electronics, and environmental remediation.
Area of Study:
 Green Chemistry Principles: Understanding the fundamental principles of green chemistry and how they can be applied to
nanoparticle synthesis. This involves minimizing the use of hazardous substances, reducing energy consumption, and designing
sustainable processes.​
 Natural Sources: Exploring various natural sources for green synthesis, such as plant extracts, microorganisms, biopolymers, and
agricultural waste materials. Investigating their potential as reducing and stabilizing agents for nanoparticle formation.​
 Nanoparticle Characterization: Studying the techniques used to characterize nanoparticles synthesized through green methods. This
includes understanding the principles behind UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and DLS, and their applications in analyzing nanoparticle
properties.​
 Environmental Impact Assessment: Assessing the environmental implications of green-synthesized nanoparticles compared to
conventional methods. Analyzing factors like energy efficiency, waste reduction, and the potential ecological benefits.​
 Applications and Future Prospects: Exploring the diverse applications of green-synthesized nanoparticles in different fields.
Investigating their potential roles in medicine (drug delivery), agriculture (Nano pesticides), electronics (conductive inks), and
environmental remediation (water purification).​
 Overall, the study aims to bridge the gap between sustainable practices and nanotechnology by investigating the potential of green
synthesis methods in producing nanoparticles with reduced environmental impact and versatile applications.​
 Regenerate
Methods of synthesizing nanoparticles form plant extracts:
Strengths:
1. Environmentally Friendly: Green synthesis methods use biocompatible materials and reduce the use of toxic chemicals, leading to lower
environmental impact compared to conventional methods.
2. Sustainability: The process often utilizes renewable resources like plant extracts or microorganisms, contributing to sustainable production
practices.
3. Cost-Effective: Many green synthesis methods are cost-effective as they use natural sources and require minimal energy input.
4. Biocompatibility: The resulting nanoparticles are often biocompatible and suitable for applications in medicine and biotechnology.
5. Diverse Applications: Green-synthesized nanoparticles find applications in drug delivery, imaging, catalysis, and more due to their unique
properties.

Concerns:
1. Control and Reproducibility: Green synthesis can be challenging to control and reproduce consistently due to variations in natural sources and
reaction conditions.
2. Scale-Up Challenges: Transitioning from laboratory-scale to large-scale production can be complex and may require optimization to maintain the
green aspects.
3. Particle Size and Shape: Achieving precise control over particle size and shape can be more difficult with green synthesis methods compared to
traditional approaches.
4. Standardization: Lack of standardized protocols and characterization methods can hinder comparison and adoption of green-synthesized
nanoparticles.
5. Purity and Contaminants: Extracts used in synthesis might contain impurities that affect the purity and stability of the resulting nanoparticles.
6. Limited Materials: Green synthesis might not be suitable for all types of nanoparticles, limiting its applicability to certain materials.
CONCLUSION

It is beneficial to synthesize nanoparticles from plant and microbial sources, because it is an economical, energy-saving, low-cost
product. It can protect human health and the environment, thereby reducing waste and safe products. Plant-synthesized nanoparticles
have important aspects of nanotechnology through unparalleled applications, and the use of plant-synthesized nanoparticles may be
superior to other biological entities, which can overcome the time-consuming process of using microorganisms and maintaining their
culture, which may lose its potential in the process of nanoparticle biosynthesis. Therefore, this review demonstrates the importance of
plant- and microorganism-mediated nanoparticle synthesis by providing various recently reported literatures.
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Thank You