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1
Grade 8 • Unit 4

Aerobic, Muscle- and Bone-

Strengthening Activities: The
Basics

Physical Education
MAPEH
 Practical Applications

The knowledge gained in this unit can be applied to the following:

● preventing the spread of fallacies and misconceptions about physical
activities
● performing first aid for injuries and emergency situations during
physical activities and sports

3
Central Question

Why is first aid important in physical activities and

sports?

4
Lesson 2

First Aid for Sports-Related

Injuries

Physical Education
MAPEH

5
 Learning Targets

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to do the following:
● Identify the common injuries and emergencies related to sports.
● Perform basic first aid for injuries and emergencies in a sports
setting.
● Understand the importance of first aid in a sports setting.

6
 Recharge

Safety should come first before anything else.

7
 Recharge

Instructions
1. Look at the photos of injuries and first-aid procedures.
2. Match the photo to its possible first-aid procedure.

8
Recharge

A. Use an ice pack to massage the affected area.

B. Do the PRICE (protect, rest, ice, compression, and elevation) method.
C. Put the person in a shade or away from the heat of the sun.

9
 Recharge

Activity Processing

1. Did you experience a sports

injury before?
2. What first-aid treatment did
you do?

A kid fell off from his bicycle and gets injured.

10
 Recharge

Activity Processing

3. Do you think the first aid

given to you is appropriate?
Why?
4. Do you think first aid is
necessary for emergencies?
Why?

Kid with injury

11
Enlighten

There are different sports-related

injuries.

12
 Enlighten

Instructions

1. Check out the two boxes in front labeled Acute Injury Box and Chronic
Injury Box.
2. Go over and review the two types of injuries.
● acute injury – injuries that occur suddenly
● chronic injury – injuries that happen over time and also called
overuse injury
1. Listen closely to the different injuries and identify if they are acute or
chronic.
2. Write your answer in your notebook.

13
Acute Injury Chronic Injury

● injuries that occur suddenly ● develops from a long term

repetitive motion
● result of specific motion or
● injuries that happen over time
movement
and also called overuse injury
● can also be caused by a
noncontact injury

14
Dislocations

It happens when an extreme

force is put on a ligament
causing two joints to come
apart.

15
Sprains
A sprain is an injury that occurs when
the ligaments, which are tough bands of
tissue connecting bones in a joint, are
stretched or torn. It commonly occurs in
the ankle but can also affect other joints,
such as the wrist, knee, or thumb.

16
Tennis elbow

It is caused by
overusing your
forearm due to
repetitive or
strenuous activity.

17
Swimmer’s shoulder

It is caused by the repetitive

overhead motion of the freestyle
stroke.

18
Achilles tendinitis

It refers to the inflammation or

irritation of the Achilles tendon, which
is the large tendon located at the back
of the ankle that connects the calf
muscles to the heel bone. It is
commonly caused by repetitive or
excessive stress on the tendon, leading
to micro-tears and inflammation.

19
Fractures

A fracture refers to a
broken bone. It occurs
when there is a
complete or partial
break in the continuity
of the bone structure.

20
 Cuts and Abrasions

It occurs as the result of a fall while

running, biking, rollerblading, or
participating in any fitness activity.

21
Acute Injury Chronic Injury

● dislocations ● tennis elbow

● sprains ● swimmer’s shoulder
● fractures ● Achilles tendinitis
● cuts and abrasions

22
 Recharge
Enlighten

Activity Processing

1. How many of these injuries

are you aware of?
2. What is the difference
between acute and chronic
injury?

A runner suffering from pain

23
 Recharge
Enlighten

Activity Processing
3. Which type of injury can be
given first aid?
4. Why do you need to be
aware of these types of
injuries?

Sports-related injury

24
Enlighten

We should be able to identify the

proper first aid during sports
injuries.

25
 Enlighten

Instructions
1. Form four groups with equal members.
2. Check the examples of sport-related injuries that will be given.
3. Guess the first-aid treatment that must be done for each injury.
4. Use a Manila paper and markers to write your answers.
5. Present your answer to the class after 10 minutes.

26
 Enlighten

Group Assignment

● Group 1: muscle cramps

● Group 2: sprain
● Group 3: strain
● Group 4: heat exhaustion

27
First Aid

It is the immediate
relief given to
someone injured
physically due to
fractures, wounds, or
simple exhaustion.
Some people are
trained in the
application of first aid.

28
Muscle Cramps

A cramp is a sudden contraction of

muscles that can paralyze the
player experiencing it. It is
extremely painful and caused by
inadequate blood supply that
carries nutrients, oxygen, and
electrolytes.

29
First-Aid Treatment for Cramps

● Massage the affected muscle gently.

● An ice pack can be used while massaging the area of the cramp.
● If the cramps are located in the leg area, gently straighten the leg to the
full extent and bend over by grabbing the toes.
● Apply muscle pain relief cream or patch.
● Let the player drink potassium-rich water with salt, or electrolyte sports
drink.

30
Strain
Our muscles are attached to our
bones through our tendons. When
we engage in strenuous activities like
sports or games, we experience some
heavy pulling within our muscles that
can lead to tearing and intense pain.

Strain symptoms may include

bruises, swelling, and redness, which
will then cause the muscles and
tendons to feel weak and painful.
31
Sprain

A sprain is an injury in the ankle,

wrist, or joints resulting from an
accident. The injury is more
focused on the ligaments
responsible in the junction of
bones. The location of sprain is
always along the joints.

32
First Aid Treatment for Sprain and Strain (PRICE)

● Protection: Stop the activity immediately and protect the injured part
from further damage.

● Rest: Rest the area to allow the tissue to heal.

● Ice: Apply a cold compress (ice pack wrapped in a thin cloth).

● Compression: Quickly wrap the injured body part with an elastic

bandage to minimize swelling.

● Elevation: Elevate the area to reduce blood flow and swelling.

33
Heat Exhaustion
● The condition exhibits heavy
sweating and rapid pulse rate.
A normal pulse is 80–120 beats
per minute.
● The common reason for this
condition is exposure to
extreme temperatures while
doing vigorous physical
activities.
● Some people experiencing
heat exhaustion may collapse
at any time.
34
First Aid Treatment for Heat Exhaustion

● Put the person under a shade and away from the sun’s heat. An air-
conditioned room is also recommended.
● Lay the person flat on his or her back and slightly elevate his or her legs.
● Loosen or remove the person’s clothing.
● Provide water to drink for the person, assist him or her in drinking and tell him
or her to sip slowly.
● Keep the person’s body cool by spraying or sponging him or her with cold
water.
● Observe and monitor the person carefully since it can lead to a heat stroke or
system failure.
● Bring the person to the nearest hospital.
35
 Recharge
Enlighten

Activity Processing

1. What are the things you need

to remember before
performing first aid?
2. Why is first aid important
during emergencies?
3. Do you think first aid can cure
injuries? Why?
First-aid kit

36
 Reexplore

First aid prevents the severity of injuries.

37
 Reexplore

Instructions
1. Form five groups.
2. Read the following scenarios on sports-related injuries and emergencies.
3. Act out the possible first aid you will do in the given situation.
4. Search the internet to familiarize yourselves with the injuries assigned to
your group.
5. Practice for 10 minutes before you present in front of the class.

38
 Reexplore

Group 1

Ankle sprain
A player lands awkwardly after jumping during a basketball game
and twists his ankle. He experiences pain, swelling, and difficulty
bearing weight on the affected ankle.

39
 Reexplore

Group 2

Nosebleed
Two players collide during a soccer match, and one of them
sustains a nosebleed.

40
 Reexplore

Group 3

Muscle cramps
A long-distance runner experiences severe leg cramps during a
marathon due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

41
 Reexplore

Group 4

Concussion
A football player takes a hard blow to the head during a tackle and
shows signs of a concussion, such as confusion, dizziness, and loss
of consciousness.

42
 Reexplore

Group 5

Dislocated shoulders
A volleyball player falls and lands on her outstretched arm,
resulting in a dislocated shoulder. She experiences intense pain
and limited mobility in the affected shoulder.

43
 Reexplore
Recharge

Activity Processing

1. Do you think you can now

help those who are injured?
How?
2. What will you do to prevent
injuries during sports activity?
3. What will you do to be a
better first aider?
A man doing first aid to a kid

44
 Photo Credits

Slide 5: Young trainer helps the injured boy at the school gym by bialasiewicz is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Slide 7: Letters of the alphabet with the word safety first by fauzieV8 is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Slide 9: Male runner holding injured calf muscle and suffering with pain. Sprain ligament while running by olegbreslavtsev is
licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 9: Sprained ankle at the gym by Rawpixel is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 9: That was exhausting by bernardbodo is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 10: Boy with knee injury after falling off to bicycle by davidpereiras is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Slide 11: Father putting bandage on small hurt toddler child indoors at home by halfpoint is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 12: Basketball, knee injury and sport accident with team help and support in a sports competition by
YuriArcursPeopleimages is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements. 45
 Photo Credits

Slide 15: Woman wrapping her painful wrist with elastic supportive orthopedic bandage by varyapigu is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 16: Arm pain and injury for woman. Closeup side body with painful elbow by alinabuphoto is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 17: Shot of a sporty young man holding his elbow in pain while playing tennis on a tennis court by
YuriArcursPeopleimages is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 18: Professional male swimmer in swimming cap and goggles in motion and action during training at pool by master1305
is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 19: Male runner holding injured calf muscle and suffering with pain by olegbreslavtsev is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 20: Closeup of x-ray filmof a fractured finger by Rawpixel is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 21: Wound, Injury, Ice skating image by coolnauvisingh is licensed under Pixabay License via Pixabay.

Slides 23–24: Woman runner suffering with pain on sports running knee injury by lzf is licensed under Envato Elements License
via Envato Elements. 46
 Photo Credits

Slide 25: First aid kit on the table by marowl is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 28: First aid bag, For the medical team who perform first aid in accidents by wosunan is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 29: Sports injury concept. Portrait of young black triathlete runner with cramps in his calf by wayhomestudioo is licensed
under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 31: Bicep tear or strain, tendon injuries on a muscular man hand by ellinnur is licensed under Envato Elements License
via Envato Elements.

Slide 32: Sprain by Pressmaster is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 34: Exhausted woman lying on a mat after exercise by nd3000 is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Slide 36: Worker holding first aid kit bag in the factory by Ekahardiwito is licensed under Envato Elements License via
Envato Elements.

Slide 37: Soccer, injury and pain of child foot on field cry for medical emergency by YuriArcursPeopleimages is licensed under
Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.

Slide 44: Man Taking out First Aid Kit by DragonImages is licensed under Envato Elements License via Envato Elements.
47
 References

“Achilles Tendinitis.” Mayo Clinic. Accessed July 3, 2023.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369020.

“Body Composition.” Physiopedia. Accessed July 4, 2023. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Body_Composition.

Brodwin, Erin. “11 Fitness Misconceptions That Really Need to Stop.” ScienceAlert, January 9, 2019.
https://www.sciencealert.com/11-fitness-misconceptions-that-really-need-to-stop.

“Causes: Tennis Elbow.” NHS. Accessed July 3, 2023. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tennis-elbow/causes/.

Club Zest. “Fitness Facts and Fallacies.” Club Zest, November 28, 2012.
https://www.clubzest.co.uk/2012/11/fitness-facts-fallacies/.

Cuevas, John Ray. “14 Facts and Fallacies About Health, Fitness, and Exercise That You Must Know.” CalorieBee, December 15,
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Davelaar, Cassidy Foley, ed. “Sports and Exercise Safety.” Nemours TeensHealth, August 2020.
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sport-safety.html.

“Dislocations.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, November 19, 2019.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/dislocations.

Henderson, Tammy. “Common First Aid for Sports.” AEDCPR, July 3, 2020.
https://www.aedcpr.com/articles/common-first-aid-for-sports/. 48
 References

“Obesity Prevention Source.” Harvard T.H. Chan | School of Public Health.

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/physical-activity-and-obesity/.

“Physical Activity.” World Health Organization, October 5, 2022.

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.

“Protective Sports Equipments.” Physiopedia. Accessed July 4, 2023.

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Protective_Sports_Equipments.

“Strength Training.” Physiopedia. Accessed July 4, 2023. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Strength_Training.

PVHMC - Admin. “Where Does It Hurt: Swimmer’s Shoulder.” Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center, June 22, 2015.
https://www.pvhmc.org/blog/2015/june/where-does-it-hurt-swimmers-shoulder/.

Quinn, Elizabeth. “Sports Injury First Aid Treatment.” Verywell Fit, September 17, 2020.
https://www.verywellfit.com/sports-injury-first-aid-treatment-3120820.

“Sprains.” Mayo Clinic, October 27, 2022.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains/symptoms-causes/syc-20377938.

WebMD Editorial Contributors. “Understanding Bone Fractures - The Basics.” Reviewed by Carol DerSarkissian. WebMD, January
16, 2022. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information.
49