Unit 5

The “S” in W.I.S.E

Physical Education and Health 11

1
Lesson 1
Staying Alert

Unit 5| The “S” in W.I.S.E

Physical Education and Health
Physical Education and Health 11

2
Staying Alert
While it helps to keep a healthy
lifestyle, engaging in physical activities
may also be the cause of injuries.
However, it is important to keep in mind
that the benefits of an active lifestyle
outweigh the risks of getting injured.
Therefore, increasing our awareness
and practice of safety precautions is
important.
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Staying Alert

Primary Survey
In order to address an injury,
individuals, especially coaches
and trainers use the primary
survey as an initial assessment
to address the injury.

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First Aid for Acute Injuries

Secondary Survey
If the individual is stable, an extra
rigorous assessment or a secondary
survey is conducted. The second
assessment aims to identify the
primary injury and its seriousness,
the function of the muscles, and the
stability of the patient’s joints.
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First Aid for Acute Injuries

Some also use this scale to determine the pain of the

injury. While pain tolerance may be subjective, any pain
that is rated 6 and above is worrisome.

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First Aid for Acute Injuries

Fractures
Addressing a fracture
requires restricting the
mobility of the injured
body part. This is done by
using splints and
anatomical prostheses.
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Fractures

An example of first aid action to restrict mobility of a dislocated shoulder.

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PRICE Principle

P - Protect ●
●
Protect the injury from anything that may cause infection.
Avoid doing strenuous activities.

- Rest
Rest the injured part of the body.

R
●
● Sleep is advised for recuperation and for calmness.
● Gauge oneself to avoid over resting.

● Apply ice to ease the nerves and reduce blood supply which may

I - Ice ●
cause swelling.
Use ice every two minutes and every two hours during the first
two hours of accident.

C - Compression ● Compression also eases the pain of the injury.

● There are a variety of ways to apply compression.

E - Elevation ●
●
This is usually done when the patient is asleep.
It helps drain blood from the affected area.

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Proper Compression Technique

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Signs and Symptoms of Heat Illness

Illness Signs Symptoms

contractions fatigue headache

muscular spasm pain and nausea high fever

exhaustion inability to work slow heart rate

dehydration dry throat and loose motion

headache

extreme sweating concentrated breathing issues

excreta

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Concussion

Category Description Characteristics

Grade I Mild Alertness, cured within

few minutes

Grade II Moderate Alertness, cured within an

hour or two

Grade III Severe Fainting

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

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Lesson 2
SAFExercise

Unit 5| The “S” in W.I.S.E

Physical Education and Health
Physical Education and Health 11

14
SAFExercise

Being active is not just about engaging in sports and fitness. It can also be about
moving around, doing chores, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. Injuries may still
occur during activities, but being mindful is the key to avoiding them.
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Dehydration

Dehydration happens when a

person loses more fluid
than he or she is taking in. The
human body needs enough water
and other fluids to perform its
normal functions.

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Overexertion

Overexertion occurs when a person

undertakes too much physical and
skeletomuscular activity. Some
people forget that the body has a
limit. Recovery from work is a
critical factor in improving oneself
as the body uses this time to
replenish itself.

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Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

Hypothermia Hyperthermia

Description the body temperature drops the body temperature rises

due to cold weather due to hot weather

● insufficient amount of
Cause clothing during cold
weather
● staying out too long
during cold weather.
● extremely hot weather
● the body is not
properly cooled down

● warm the body to

normal temperature as ● hydrate
How to avoid soon as possible; ● rest in a cool place
● wear multiple layers of
clothing to warm the
body, and avoid
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sweating
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