EEG BASED DROWSY

DRIVING ALERT
SYSTEM
Frank Elechi & Jesse Schmitz
Introduction
Project Objectives

 To utilize user’s electroencephalogram (EEG)

signal to determine level of alertness, then notify
him/her when they are becoming drowsy.
 Provide reliable logged data.
Current Technologies
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Background

 Discovered by professor of
psychiatry, Hans Berger, in 1924
(Freeman & Quiroga, 2013)
 EEG measures electrical activity of
the brain caused by firing of neurons
 EEG can be measured using
electrodes placed on the scalp
 Electrode locations standardized by
the 10-20 point system

Freeman, Walter J., and Rodrigo Quian Quiroga. (2013). www.biomedresearches.com

Imaging Brain Function with EEG: Advanced Temporal and
Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals. Springer.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Background

 Fluctuations in EEG signals occur in several different frequency bands

 The activity in each frequency band corresponds to different mental
states such as relaxation, mental calculation, and attention (Freeman &
Quiroga, 2013)
 Delta Waves -> Less than 3Hz (Deep sleep)
 Theta Waves -> 3.5 Hz – 7.5Hz (Seen during sleep)
 Alpha Waves -> 8 Hz – 13 Hz (Relaxation, Closed Eyes)
 Beta Waves -> Greater than 13Hz (Mental Calculation, Focus)
(Sucholeiki, 2014)

Freeman, Walter J., and Rodrigo Quian Quiroga. (2013). Imaging Brain Function with EEG: Advanced
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals. Springer.
Sucholeiki, Roy. (2014). Normal EEG Waveforms. Medscape. Retrieved from
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1139332-overview#a1 on October 22, 2015
Methodology

 Obtain Research Ethics Board approval for recording

EEG data
 Design analog board to detect EEG signals
 First on breadboard
 PCB to reduce noise
 EEG data collected using analog board and oscilloscope
in order to establish project feasibility
 Program signal processing on Zedboard (FPGA)
 Design Arduino based Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
 Test system using PC
Analog Board - Block Design

To
FPGA

http://openeeg.sourceforge.net/
used for reference when
designing analog board
Analog Board - Challenges

 Low signal to noise ratio

 60 Hz noise from mains
hum
 Flexing muscles
 Inexperience in
designing PCB
 Power and ground paths
smaller then they could
be
 Noise present in Power
and Ground pins
Analog Board – Dealing with Noise

 Right Leg Driver circuit

 Feed common signal back to body
 8.25dB – 60 Hz Noise before RLD included
 -32.1dB – 60 Hz Noise after RLD included
 Approximately 40dB attenuation
 Switched Capacitor Low Pass Filter
 8th order filter
 EEG signal all below 60 Hz
 Filter out anything 30 Hz and above
 Alpha waves @ -20dB, 60Hz noise @ -53dB
Brain Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface

Challenges
 Working with Parts

without Datasheet eg
SD card
 Scheduling: Not

creating enough time

for unforeseen
circumstances
 Working with custom

PCB board
Zedboard – Block Design
Zedboard – Algorithm

Initialize Sample 102

ADC + FFT points @ 1

Copy time
data to FFT

Print FFT r
Run FFT through U
Zedboard - Challenges

 Time constraints
 Analog board design,
assembly and testing took
much longer than expected
 Working with unfamiliar
board
 Very powerful board
 Overkill for this project
 Used because interested in
further research
 Many advantages when using
FPGA in a multi-channel zedboard.org
system
Testing Plan – Analog Board

 Use oscilloscope to measure frequency domain of EEG

signal
 Data recorded at three points on the head
 F7+F8 (Temples)
 C3+P3 (Top of head)
 O1+O2 (Back of head)
 Data recorded for three different states
 Eyes Open, Relaxed
 Eyes Closed, Relaxed
 Eyes Open, Focused
 10 trials at each point + state combination
Results – F7+F8

-20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F7
8
+ F8 Magnitude vs Frequency
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

-25

-30
Magnitude (dB)

-35

-40

-45
Eyes Open, Relaxed Eyes Closed Relaxed Eyes Open Focused

-50
Frequency (Hz)
Results – C3+P3

C3 + P3 Magnitude vs Frequency

-15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

-20

-25

-30
Magnitude (dB)

-35

-40

-45

-50
Eyes Open, Relaxed Eyes Closed Relaxed Eyes Open Focused
-55

Frequency (Hz)
 Results – O1+O2

-5
O1 + O2 Magnitude vs Frequency
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

-10

-15

-20

-25
Magnitude (dB)

-30

-35

-40

-45

-50
Eyes Open, Relaxed Eyes Closed, Relaxed Eyes Open, Focused
-55
Frequency (Hz)
Testing Plan-BCI

 Create and test individual modules

 Integrate modules into larger system
 Use values from EEG simulation in code directly
BCI Result
EEG Based Drowsy Driving

Alert System Results - Zedboard

Captured EEG Data from Zedboard

500

450

400

350

300
Voltage (mV)

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (ms)
Budget
Conclusion

 Data collected shows feasibility of concept

 Continued work on the project would result in a
fully operational system
Questions ?